{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:17:45Z","timestamp":1785845865261,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,12]],"date-time":"2005-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2568,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Piperidine nitroxides have considerable clinical potential, both as antioxidant therapeutic compounds and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. However, their development has thus far been limited by their rapid bioreduction <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Recently, it was reported that polynitroxyl albumin (PNA) can reverse the bioreduction of the reduced 4\u2010hydroxy\u20102,2,6,6\u2010tetramethylpiperidine\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010oxyl (Tempol) in the rat heart, enabling the performance of high resolution EPR imaging for prolonged time (Kuppusamy et al., <jats:italic>Biochemistry<\/jats:italic> 35, 7051\u20137057 (1996)). In this report, the efficacy of PNA in maintaining Tempol concentrations <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in mice was demonstrated, using L\u2010band (1.25 GHz) EPR spectroscopy and imaging. The EPR signal of intravenous Tempol had a half\u2010life of 1.0 \u00b1 0.2 min and became undetectable within 6 min. Subcutaneous Tempol, however, decayed at a slower rate (half\u2010life, 5.0 \u00b1 0.5 min) suggesting that Tempol had been bioreduced to the corresponding hydroxylamine form, Tempol\u2010H. Subcutane\u2010ously injected PNA restored 20% of the Tempol signal in the vicinity of the PNA deposit. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> topical EPR imaging demonstrated that the Tempol signal was restored at the site of PNA injection, but not at locations remote from the PNA injection site. The ability of PNA to maintain Tempol in its paramagnetic state <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> should enable a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic applications of piperidinyl nitroxides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,14]],"date-time":"2007-03-14T10:06:01Z","timestamp":1173866761000},"page":"806-811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i> topical EPR spectroscopy and imaging of nitroxide free radicals and polynitroxyl\u2010albumin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Periannan","family":"Kuppusamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi A.","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Trimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carleton J. 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