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There was a progressive increase in drug\u2010SA behavior and daily heroin intake during the 8\u20139 days of heroin\u2010SA training. Within 24 hr after the last session of daily SA, acute heroin (0.1 mg\/kg) administration induced regional blood oxygen level\u2010dependent (BOLD) signals in both groups of rats. The positive BOLD signals appeared mainly in the cortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex, cingulate, and olfactory cortex, while the negative BOLD signals were predominantly located in subcortical regions such as caudate and putamen, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, and hypothalamus. However, the number of activated voxels or BOLD\u2010signal intensity was significantly less in heroin\u2010SA rat in regions of prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus, etc., compared to the changes in the saline control rats. Application of \u03b3\u2010vinyl GABA (100 mg\/kg), an irreversible GABA\u2010transaminase inhibitor, failed to block opiate actions in the heroin\u2010SA rats. Together, these data suggest that repeated heroin\u2010SA produces tolerance or desensitization of opiate actions in the rat brain, which may in turn potentiate drug SA behavior and drug intake. Magn Reson Med 52:108\u2013114, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,28]],"date-time":"2004-06-28T15:28:56Z","timestamp":1088436536000},"page":"108-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Opiate tolerance by heroin self\u2010administration: An fMRI study in rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Zheng\u2010Xiong","family":"Xi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaohong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elliot 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