{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:16:14Z","timestamp":1792174574520,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,29]],"date-time":"2005-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["CA92004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA92004"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RR08079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR08079"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["NS 40801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS 40801"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["EB 00422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EB 00422"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000888","name":"Keck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MIND Institute"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transverse relaxation in the rotating frame (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2\u03c1<\/jats:sub>) is the dominant relaxation mechanism during an adiabatic Carr\u2013Purcell (CP) spin\u2010echo pulse sequence when no delays are used between pulses in the CP train. The exchange\u2010induced and dipolar interaction contributions (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2\u03c1,ex<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2\u03c1,dd<\/jats:sub>) depend on the modulation functions of the adiabatic pulses used. In this work adiabatic pulses having different modulation functions were utilized to generate <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2\u03c1<\/jats:sub> contrast in images of the human occipital lobe at magnetic field of 4 T. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2\u03c1<\/jats:sub> time constants were measured using an adiabatic CP pulse sequence followed by an imaging readout. For these measurements, adiabatic full passage pulses of the hyperbolic secant HS<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1 or 4) family having significantly different amplitude\u2014and frequency\u2014modulation functions were used with no time delays between pulses. A dynamic averaging (DA) mechanism (e.g., chemical exchange and diffusion in the locally different magnetic susceptibilities) alone was insufficient to fully describe differences in brain tissue water proton <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2\u03c1<\/jats:sub> time constants. Measurements of the apparent relaxation time constants (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:MRM20428:tex2gif-stack-1\"\/>) of brain tissue water as a function of the time between centers of pulses (\u03c4<jats:sub>cp<\/jats:sub>) at 4 and 7 T permitted separation of the DA contribution from that of dipolar relaxation. The methods presented assess <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2\u03c1<\/jats:sub> relaxation influenced by DA in tissue and provide a means to generate <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2\u03c1<\/jats:sub> contrast in MRI. Magn Reson Med 53:823\u2013829, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,29]],"date-time":"2005-03-29T16:48:05Z","timestamp":1112114885000},"page":"823-829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Exchange\u2010influenced <i>T<\/i><sub>2\u03c1<\/sub> contrast in human brain images measured with adiabatic radio frequency pulses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Shalom","family":"Michaeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Gr\u00f6hn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Gr\u00f6hn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis 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