{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:37:43Z","timestamp":1760204263013},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,26]],"date-time":"2007-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1190764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent advances in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging have made it possible to image, in real time in vivo, cells that have been labeled with nitroxide spin probes. We previously reported that cells can be loaded to high (millimolar) intracellular concentrations with (2,2,5,5\u2010tetramethylpyrrolidin\u20101\u2010oxyl\u20103\u2010ylmethyl)amine\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010diacetic acid by incubation with the corresponding acetoxymethyl (AM) ester. Furthermore, the intracellular lifetime (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) of this nitroxide is 114 min\u2014sufficiently long to permit in vivo imaging studies. In the present study, at a gradient of \u223c50 mT\/m, we acquire and compare EPR images of a three\u2010tube phantom, filled with either a 200\u2010\u03bcM solution of the nitroxide, or a suspension of cells preincubated with the nitroxide AM ester. In both cases, 3\u2010mm resolution images can be acquired with excellent signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratios (SNRs). These findings indicate that cells well\u2010loaded with nitroxide are readily imageable by EPR imaging, and that in vivo tracking studies utilizing such cells should be feasible. Magn Reson Med 58:850\u2013854, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,26]],"date-time":"2007-09-26T17:47:05Z","timestamp":1190828825000},"page":"850-854","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Very\u2010low\u2010frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging of nitroxide\u2010loaded cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Joseph P.Y.","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene D.","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott 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