{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:45:38Z","timestamp":1698713138925},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,26]],"date-time":"2007-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1190764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a novel NMR\u2010based study of the molecular aspects of the \u201cattack\u201d on human red blood cells (RBCs) by growing bacteria. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> expresses virulence factors, including \u03b1\u2010hemolysin, which contribute to the clinical condition known as septic shock. \u03b1\u2010Hemolysin is a pore\u2010forming toxin and its secretion increases the permeability of a range of mammalian cell types infected with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>. <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P NMR spectra of the probe molecules dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and hypophosphite (HPA) in RBC suspensions show separate intra\u2010 and extracellular resonances. These resonances coalesced over time in RBC suspensions inoculated with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> or pure \u03b1\u2010hemolysin, due to increasing permeability of the RBC membrane. Increased RBC permeability resulted in leakage of intracellular proteins, plus an increase in the exchange rate of the solutes between the intra\u2010 and extracellular compartments, both effects contributing to the coalescence of the split peaks. The addition of antibiotics prevented peak coalescence and enabled the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for eight strains of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> to be determined for oxacillin and erythromycin. The MIC values obtained by using <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P NMR spectroscopy were within one dilution of the MICs obtained using the standard National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) method. The results are encouraging for the use of NMR spectroscopy in clinical microbiology. Magn Reson Med 58:656\u2013665, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,26]],"date-time":"2007-09-26T17:47:05Z","timestamp":1190828825000},"page":"656-665","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modelling <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\u2013induced septicemia using NMR"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bodkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.W.","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Pantarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.J.","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Szekely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.A.","family":"Bubb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.C.","family":"Sorrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.W.","family":"Kuchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2004.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(83)90548-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(00)00184-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"447","article-title":"Risk factors for septicemia\u2010associated mortality in older adults","volume":"108","author":"Salive ME","year":"1993","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","volume-title":"Todar's online textbook of bacteriology","author":"Todar K","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880600687X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01244-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Microbial Toxins. 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