{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:22:30Z","timestamp":1790151750248,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,18]],"date-time":"2008-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GR\/T06735\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR\/T06735\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Imaging in clinical oncology trials provides a wealth of information that contributes to the drug development process, especially in early phase studies. This article focuses on kinetic modeling in DCE\u2010MRI, inspired by mixed\u2010effects models that are frequently used in the analysis of clinical trials. Instead of summarizing each scanning session as a single kinetic parameter\u2014such as median<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup>across all voxels in the tumor ROI\u2013we propose to analyze all voxel time courses from all scans and across all subjects simultaneously in a single model. The kinetic parameters from the usual nonlinear regression model are decomposed into unique components associated with factors from the longitudinal study; e.g., treatment, patient, and voxel effects. A Bayesian hierarchical model provides the framework to construct a data model, a parameter model, as well as prior distributions. The posterior distribution of the kinetic parameters is estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Hypothesis testing at the study level for an overall treatment effect is straightforward and the patient\u2010 and voxel\u2010level parameters capture random effects that provide additional information at various levels of resolution to allow a thorough evaluation of the clinical trial. The proposed method is validated with a breast cancer study, where the subjects were imaged before and after two cycles of chemotherapy, demonstrating the clinical potential of this method to longitudinal oncology studies. Magn Reson Med 61:163\u2013174, 2009. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,25]],"date-time":"2008-12-25T01:26:54Z","timestamp":1230168414000},"page":"163-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A Bayesian hierarchical model for the analysis of a longitudinal dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced MRI oncology study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Volker J.","family":"Schmid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Whitcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar R.","family":"Padhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Jane","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang\u2010Zhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2004.1360410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<223::AID-JMRI2>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0318-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","volume-title":"Applied mixed models in medicine","author":"Brown H","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00435-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9876.00229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3454-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani R","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rl Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-5823.2003.tb00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"223","article-title":"Blood\u2013tissue exchange methods. Theory of blood\u2010tissue exchange and its application to measurement of blood flow","volume":"8","author":"Kety S","year":"1960","journal-title":"Methods Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910170208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910240119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Gd\u2010DTPA\/dimeglumine after intraveneous injection into healthy volunteers","volume":"16","author":"Weinmann HJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910360209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-26420-5_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2000.10474253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","volume-title":"Generalized additive models","author":"Hastie TJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.884210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4485-6_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","volume-title":"Continuous univariate distributions","author":"Johnson NL","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.2.9536492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","series-title":"Continuous univariate distributions","author":"Johnson NL","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.262045187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4485-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/81.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11566489_109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3324-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199812000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<233::AID-JMRI3>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00288"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrm.21807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrm.21807","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.21807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T11:13:21Z","timestamp":1738840401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.21807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,18]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.21807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.21807","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-09-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}