{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:03:17Z","timestamp":1790388197976,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,12]],"date-time":"2009-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fast large\u2010angle spin echo (FLASE) is a common pulse sequence designed for quantitative imaging of trabecular bone (TB) microarchitecture. However, imperfections in the nonselective phase\u2010reversal pulse render it prone to stimulated echo artifacts. The problem is further exacerbated at isotropic resolution. Here, a substantially improved RF\u2010spoiled FLASE sequence (sp\u2010FLASE) is described and its performance is illustrated with data at 1.5T and 3T. Additional enhancements include navigator echoes for translational motion sensing applied in a slice parallel to the imaging slab. Whereas recent work suggests the use of fully\u2010balanced FLASE (b\u2010FLASE) to be advantageous from a signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) point of view, evidence is provided here that the greater robustness of sp\u2010FLASE may outweigh the benefits of the minor SNR gain of b\u2010FLASE for the target application of TB imaging in the distal extremities, sites of exclusively fatty marrow. Results are supported by a theoretical Bloch equation analysis and the pulse sequence dependence of the effective <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of triglyceride protons. Last, sp\u2010FLASE images are shown to provide detailed and reproducible visual depiction of trabecular networks in three dimensions at both anisotropic (137 \u00d7 137 \u00d7 410 \u03bcm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) and isotropic (160 \u00d7 160 \u00d7 160 \u03bcm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) resolutions in the human distal tibia in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,12]],"date-time":"2009-02-12T23:26:19Z","timestamp":1234481179000},"page":"1114-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Spin\u2010echo micro\u2010MRI of trabecular bone using improved 3D fast large\u2010angle spin\u2010echo (FLASE)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"J.F.","family":"Magland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.W.","family":"Wehrli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra053077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1346.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002142-200210000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1957-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.2.1830343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00966a001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880020511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199905)41:5<947::AID-MRM14>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","unstructured":"MaglandJ JonesC WaldM WehrliFW.Spin\u2010echo micro\u2010MRI of trabecular bone using an improved 3D FLASE sequence. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of ISMRM Berlin Germany 2007(Abstract 382)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20789"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2047807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","unstructured":"JonesCE WehrliFW MaglandJF RubinCT NIhtianovaSA LeonardMB.Structural implications of low\u2010magnitude mechanical stimulation in a pilot study of patients with renal osteodystrophy evaluated with the MRI\u2010based Virtual Bone Biopsy. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Honolulu HI USA September 16\u201320 2007. pS133."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910380524"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.595711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2008.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","volume-title":"Handbook of MRI pulse sequences","author":"Bernstein MA","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrm.21905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.21905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T06:31:27Z","timestamp":1697437887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.21905"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.21905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.21905","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-11-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-02-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}