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A genetically modified, replication defective adenoviral vector (Ad.EGR\u2010TNF\u03b1), injected intratumorally, mediates infected cells to express tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1), which is increased after exposure to radiation. The goal of this study was to characterize an image based \u201csignature\u201d for response to this combined radiation and gene therapy in mice with human prostate xenografts. This study is part of an imaged guided therapy project where such a signature would be useful in guiding subsequent treatments. Changes in the tumor micro\u2010environment were assessed using MRI registered with electron paramagnetic resonance imaging which provides images of tissue oxygenation. Dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced MRI was used to assess tissue perfusion. When compared with null vector (control) treatment, the ratio of contrast agent (Gd\u2010DTPA\u2010BMA) washout rate to uptake rate was lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) after treatment, suggesting a more balanced perfusion. Concomitantly, oxygenation significantly increased in the treated animals and decreased or did not change in the control animals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.025). This is the first report of minimally invasive, quantitative, absolute oxygen measurements correlated with tissue perfusion in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,16]],"date-time":"2009-05-16T02:08:49Z","timestamp":1242439729000},"page":"348-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Characterization of response to radiation mediated gene therapy by means of multimodality imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Chad R.","family":"Haney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian D.","family":"Parasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca 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