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In this study, methods are proposed to convert an arterial input function (AIF) derived from gadolinium\u2010diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd\u2010DTPA) in MRI, into a <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010fluorodeoxyglucose (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG) AIF in PET, and vice versa. The AIFs from both modalities were obtained from manual blood sampling in a F98\u2010Fisher glioblastoma rat model. They were well fitted by a convolution of a rectangular function with a biexponential clearance function. The parameters of the biexponential AIF model were found statistically different between MRI and PET. Pharmacokinetic MRI parameters such as the volume transfer constant (<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup>), the extravascular\u2013extracellular volume fraction (\u03bd<jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>), and the blood volume fraction (\u03bd<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>) calculated with the Gd\u2010DTPA AIF and the Gd\u2010DTPA AIF converted from <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG AIF normalized with or without blood sample were not statistically different. Similarly, the tumor metabolic rates of glucose (TMRGlc) calculated with <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG AIF and with <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010FDG AIF obtained from Gd\u2010DTPA AIF were also found not statistically different. In conclusion, only one accurate AIF would be needed for dual MRI\u2010PET pharmacokinetic modeling in small animal models. Magn Reson Med, 2013. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,8]],"date-time":"2012-05-08T14:34:01Z","timestamp":1336487641000},"page":"781-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Conversion of arterial input functions for dual pharmacokinetic modeling using Gd\u2010DTPA\/MRI and 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