{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:19:17Z","timestamp":1791209957560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Manchester Biomedical Imaging Institute"},{"name":"University of Manchester Magnetic Resonance Imaging Facility"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are sometimes thought to be caused by placental abnormalities associated with reduced oxygenation. Oxygen\u2010enhanced MRI (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> contrast) and BOLD MRI (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* contrast) have the potential to noninvasively investigate this oxygen environment at a range of gestational ages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scanning was carried out at 1.5 T under maternal air and oxygen breathing in a single placental slice in 14 healthy pregnant subjects of gestational ages 21\u201337 weeks. We report <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> changes using a respiratory\u2010triggered inversion recovery\u2010turbo spin\u2010echo sequence, which is sensitive to changes in PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* changes using a breathhold multiple gradient\u2010recalled echo sequence sensitive to changes in oxygen saturation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> increases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.005, paired t\u2010test) and <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* decreases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001, paired t\u2010test) between air and oxygen breathing were demonstrated. \u0394<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> decreased with gestational age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0005, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.835, Pearson correlation test). No significant effect of gestational age on <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* change was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrate the feasibility of non\u2010invasive investigation of placental oxygenation using MRI and the sensitivity of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> oxygen\u2010enhanced MRI to gestational age. The techniques have the potential to provide unique noninvasive biomarkers in compromised pregnancies. Magn Reson Med 70:1427\u20131433, 2013. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T19:10:46Z","timestamp":1356635446000},"page":"1427-1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["<i>R<\/i><sub>1<\/sub> and <i>R<\/i><sub>2<\/sub>* changes in the human placenta in response to maternal oxygen challenge"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Isaac","family":"Huen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Imaging Sciences Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"The University of Manchester Biomedical Imaging Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Imaging Sciences Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"The University of Manchester Biomedical Imaging Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoff J. 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