{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:01:47Z","timestamp":1790006507449,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01EB008743-01A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB008743-01A2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002990","name":"Deutsche Telekom Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop arrhythmia\u2010insensitive inversion recovery sequences for improved visualization of myocardial scar and quantification of diffuse fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel preparation pre\u2010pulse, called saturation pulse prepared heart\u2010rate\u2010independent inversion recovery, is introduced, which consists of a combination of saturation and inversion pulses to remove the magnetization history in each heartbeat in late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging and eliminate the need for rest periods in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping. The proposed LGE and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping sequences were evaluated against conventional LGE and modified Look\u2010Locker inversion sequences using numerical simulations, phantom and imaging in healthy subjects and patients with suspected or known cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simulations and phantom experiments show that the saturation pulse prepared heart\u2010rate\u2010independent inversion recovery pre\u2010pulse in LGE reduces ghosting artifacts and results in perfect nulling of the healthy myocardium in the presence of arrhythmia. In <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping, saturation pulse prepared heart\u2010rate\u2010independent inversion recovery results in (a) reduced scan time (17 vs. 9 heartbeats), (b) insensitivity to heart rate for long <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, and (c) increased signal homogeneity for short <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. LGE images in a patient in atrial fibrillation during the scan show improved myocardial nulling. In vivo <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> maps demonstrate increased signal homogeneity in blood pools and myocardium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed sequences are insensitive to heart rate variability, yield improved LGE images in the presence of arrhythmias, as well as <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping with shorter scan times. <jats:bold>Magn Reson Med 71:1024\u20131034, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T12:58:44Z","timestamp":1367845124000},"page":"1024-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Combined saturation\/inversion recovery sequences for improved evaluation of scar and diffuse fibrosis in patients with arrhythmia or heart rate variability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Weing\u00e4rtner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ak\u00e7akaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kraig V.","family":"Kissinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Goddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren J.","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Nezafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"816","article-title":"HRS\/EHRA\/ECAS Expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow\u2010up: a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) task force on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. 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