{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:25:05Z","timestamp":1783351505999,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HL087550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL087550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HL090806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL090806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R44HL112397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44HL112397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To present in vivo, human validation of a previously proposed method to measure key pulmonary parameters related to lung microstructure and physiology. Some parameters, such as blood\u2013air barrier thickness, cannot be measured readily by any other noninvasive modality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy volunteers (n = 12) were studied in 1.5T and 3T whole body human scanners using hyperpolarized xenon. Xenon uptake by lung parenchyma and blood was measured using a chemical shift saturation recovery sequence. Both dissolved\u2010xenon peaks at 197 ppm and 217\u2013218 ppm were fitted against a model of xenon exchange (MOXE) as functions of exchange time. Parameters related to lung function and structure can be obtained by fitting to this model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The following results were obtained from xenon uptake (averaged over all healthy volunteers): surface\u2010area\u2010to\u2010volume ratio = 210 \u00b1 50 cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; total septal wall thickness = 9.2 \u00b1 6.5 \u03bcm; blood\u2010air barrier thickness = 1.0 \u00b1 0.3 \u03bcm; hematocrit = 27 \u00b1 4%; pulmonary capillary blood transit time = 1.3 \u00b1 0.3 s, in good agreement with literature values from invasive experiments. More detailed fitting results are listed in the text.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The initial in vivo human results demonstrate that our proposed methods can be used to noninvasively determine lung physiology by simultaneous quantification of a few important pulmonary parameters. This method is highly promising to become a versatile screening method for lung diseases. Magn Reson Med 71:339\u2013344, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T22:52:54Z","timestamp":1382568774000},"page":"339-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Quantification of human lung structure and physiology using hyperpolarized <sup>129<\/sup>Xe"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yulin V.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics Washington University St. Louis Missouri USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Quirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iulian C.","family":"Ruset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xemed LLC Durham New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Washington University St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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