{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1778583782061,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Applying a newly developed binomial off\u2010resonant rectangular (BORR) pulse method for high resolution three\u2010dimensional MR angiography (MRA) on retrobulbar ocular vessels, which has not been possible with routine MRA due to background fatty tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>BORR pulse was implemented in a gradient echo sequence by replacing the original excitation pulse, and were optimized for robust orbital fat suppression. Several other MRA methods, with or without fat suppression, were also compared, including time\u2010of\u2010flight, contrast enhanced MRA, and hybrid of opposite\u2010contrast MRA. Nine healthy subjects participated with written informed consents. To reduce eye motion, the subjects were instructed to casually stare at a projected cross during each MRA scan. Major vessels were evaluated by three independent radiologists using a 4\u2010point scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BORR method yielded the best MRA results for retrobulbar vessels without contrast enhancement, significantly superior than other MRA methods. BORR results had significantly higher visibility scores than all other methods for small vessels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have successfully revealed orbital vessels in retrobulbar space for the first time using MRA, by using the BORR pulse method. With a clear depiction of the vasculature without the need for contrast enhancement, our method has the potential to provide important diagnostic information for ocular vascular diseases. Magn Reson Med 74:1050\u20131056, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T14:35:53Z","timestamp":1413210953000},"page":"1050-1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Retrobulbar magnetic resonance angiography using binomial off\u2010resonant rectangular (BORR) pulse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Yongquan","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Research Facility Department of Radiology Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Wayne State University Detroit  Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Wayne State University Detroit  Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingxia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye clinical and vision research division He Eye Hospital Shenyang Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. 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