{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:36:09Z","timestamp":1790746569087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,23]],"date-time":"2016-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation","award":["70036\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70036\/11"]}]},{"name":"UEF-Brain Strategic funding by University of Eastern Finland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anesthesia is a major confounding factor in functional MRI (fMRI) experiments attributed to its effects on brain function. Recent evidence suggests that parameters obtained with resting\u2010state fMRI (rs\u2010fMRI) are coupled with anesthetic depth. Therefore, we investigated whether parameters obtained with rs\u2010fMRI, such as functional connectivity (FC), are also directly related to blood\u2010oxygen\u2010level\u2013dependent (BOLD) responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A simple rs\u2010fMRI protocol was implemented in a pharmacological fMRI study to evaluate the coupling between hemodynamic responses and FC under five anesthetics (\u03b1\u2010chloralose, isoflurane, medetomidine, thiobutabarbital, and urethane). Temporal change in the FC was evaluated at 1\u2010hour interval. Supplementary forepaw stimulation experiments were also conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under thiobutabarbital anesthesia, FC was clearly coupled with nicotine\u2010induced BOLD responses. Good correlation values were also obtained under isoflurane and medetomidine anesthesia. The observations in the thiobutabarbital group were supported by forepaw stimulation experiments. Additionally, the rs\u2010fMRI protocol revealed significant temporal changes in the FC in the \u03b1\u2010chloralose, thiobutabarbital, and urethane groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that FC can be used to estimate brain hemodynamic responsiveness to stimuli and evaluate the level and temporal changes of anesthesia. Therefore, analysis of the fMRI baseline signal may be highly valuable tool for controlling the outcome of preclinical fMRI experiments. Magn Reson Med 78:1136\u20131146, 2017. \u00a9 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T04:13:28Z","timestamp":1477282408000},"page":"1136-1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Resting\u2010state functional MRI as a tool for evaluating brain hemodynamic responsiveness to external stimuli in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Paasonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I.V. Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Neurobiology University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimo A.","family":"Salo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I.V. 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