{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:17:04Z","timestamp":1785849424533,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]],"date-time":"2017-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP130403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP130403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We propose an analytical method for calculating blood hematocrit (<jats:italic>Hct<\/jats:italic>) and oxygen saturation (<jats:italic>sO<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) from measurements of its <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> relaxation times.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Theory<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through algebraic substitution, established two\u2010compartment relationships describing \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm26599-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm26599:mrm26599-math-0001\"\/> and \n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm26599-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm26599:mrm26599-math-0002\"\/> as a function of hematocrit and oxygen saturation were rearranged to solve for <jats:italic>Hct<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sO<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> in terms of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>. Resulting solutions for <jats:italic>Hct<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sO<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> are the roots of cubic polynomials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Feasibility of the method was established by comparison of <jats:italic>Hct<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sO<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> estimates obtained from relaxometry measurements (at 1.5 Tesla) in cord blood specimens to ground\u2010truth values obtained by blood gas analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted to assess the effect of <jats:italic>T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> measurement uncertainty on precision of <jats:italic>Hct<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sO<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Good agreement was observed between estimated and ground\u2010truth blood properties (bias\u2009=\u20090.01; 95% limits of agreement\u2009=\u2009\u00b10.13 for <jats:italic>Hct<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sO<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>). Considering the combined effects of biological variability and random measurement noise, we estimate a typical uncertainty of \u00b10.1 for <jats:italic>Hct, sO<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results demonstrate accurate quantification of <jats:italic>Hct<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sO<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> from <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>. This method is applicable to noninvasive fetal vessel oximetry\u2014an application where existing oximetry devices are unusable or require risky blood\u2010sampling procedures. Magn Reson Med 78:2352\u20132359, 2017. \u00a9 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T03:16:57Z","timestamp":1486955817000},"page":"2352-2359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Non\u2010invasive evaluation of blood oxygen saturation and hematocrit from <i>T<\/i><sub><i>1<\/i><\/sub> and <i>T<\/i><sub><i>2<\/i><\/sub> relaxation times: In\u2010vitro validation in fetal blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Portnoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children Toronto 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