{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:41:43Z","timestamp":1778845303273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,7]],"date-time":"2017-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Technology Foundation STW, Applied Science Division of NWO, and the Technology Program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Applications of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in the brain are scarce, whereas it has been successfully applied in other organs with promising results. To better understand the cerebral IVIM signal, the diffusion properties of the arterial blood flow within different parts of the cerebral vascular tree (i.e., different generations of the branching pattern) were isolated and measured by employing an arterial spin labeling (ASL) preparation module before an IVIM readout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>ASL preparation was achieved by T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adjusted time\u2010encoded pseudo\u2010continuous ASL (te\u2010pCASL). The IVIM readout module was achieved by introducing bipolar gradients immediately after the excitation pulse. The results of ASL\u2010IVIM were compared with those of conventional IVIM to improve our understanding of the signal generation process of IVIM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pseudo\u2010diffusion coefficient D* as calculated from ASL\u2010IVIM data was found to decrease exponentially for postlabeling delays (PLDs) between 883 ms and 2176 ms, becoming relatively stable for PLDs longer than 2176 ms. The fast compartment of the conventional IVIM\u2010experiment shows comparable apparent diffusion values to the ASL signal with PLDs between 1747 ms and 2176 ms. At the longest PLDs, the observed D* values (4.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s) are approximately 4.5 times higher than the slow compartment (0.90\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s) of the conventional IVIM experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed much more complicated diffusion properties of vascular signal than the conventionally assumed single D* of the perfusion compartment in the two\u2010compartment model of IVIM (biexponential behavior). Magn Reson Med 79:723\u2013729, 2018. \u00a9 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T04:13:41Z","timestamp":1494216821000},"page":"723-729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comparison of perfusion signal acquired by arterial spin labeling\u2013prepared intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI and conventional IVIM MRI to unravel the origin of the IVIM signal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, C. J. 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