{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:23:58Z","timestamp":1790673838893,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41 EB017183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41 EB017183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for simulated materials with tissue\u2010equivalent dielectric properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PVP and salt were used to control, respectively, relative permittivity and electrical conductivity in a collection of 63 samples with a range of solute concentrations. Their dielectric properties were measured with a commercial probe and fitted to a 3D polynomial in order to establish an empirical recipe. The material's thermal properties and MR spectra were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The empirical polynomial recipe (available at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.amri.ninds.nih.gov\/cgi-bin\/phantomrecipe\">https:\/\/www.amri.ninds.nih.gov\/cgi-bin\/phantomrecipe<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ) provides the PVP and salt concentrations required for dielectric materials with permittivity and electrical conductivity values between approximately 45 and 78, and 0.1 to 2 siemens per meter, respectively, from 50 MHz to 4.5 GHz. The second\u2010 (solute concentrations) and seventh\u2010 (frequency) order polynomial recipe provided less than 2.5% relative error between the measured and target properties. PVP side peaks in the spectra were minor and unaffected by temperature changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PVP\u2010based phantoms are easy to prepare and nontoxic, and their semitransparency makes air bubbles easy to identify. The polymer can be used to create simulated material with a range of dielectric properties, negligible spectral side peaks, and long T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      relaxation time, which are favorable in many MR applications. Magn Reson Med 80:413\u2013419, 2018. \u00a9 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T23:32:42Z","timestamp":1511220762000},"page":"413-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Synthesized tissue\u2010equivalent dielectric phantoms using salt and polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Ianniello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York New York USA"},{"name":"The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Science New York University School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacco A.","family":"de Zwart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, NINDS, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2407-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, NINDS, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cem M.","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leeor","family":"Alon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8571-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae\u2010Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Lattanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York New York USA"},{"name":"The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Science New York University School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) and Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-3-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v2.i1.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2313619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmr.b.21319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0534(2000)12:4<173::AID-CMR1>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519103200519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3533899"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3656077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"MustafiD PengB HeisenM WoodAM BuurmanJ CzmarGSK.World of phantoms: reference standards for bench to breast MRI. 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