{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T08:49:21Z","timestamp":1769503761194,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,27]],"date-time":"2018-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE 3177\/2\u20101 (UBP)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE 3177\/2\u20101 (UBP)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FL 303\/6\u20101 (UF)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FL 303\/6\u20101 (UF)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TE 1209\/1\u20101 (ST)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TE 1209\/1\u20101 (ST)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate key molecular and cellular features of Graves orbitopathy (GO) by simultaneous monitoring of alterations in morphology, inflammatory patterns, and tissue remodeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To this end, we utilized a murine model of GO induced by immunization with a human thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone receptor A\u2010subunit plasmid. Altogether, 52 mice were used: 27 GOs and 25 controls (Ctrl) immunized with \u03b2\u2010galactasidose plasmid. From these, 17 GO and 12 Ctrl mice were subjected to multimodal MRI at 9.4T, whereas 23 mice only underwent histology. Beyond anatomical hydrogen\u20101 (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H) MRI, we employed transverse relaxation time (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) mapping for visualization of edema, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) for detection of hyaluronan, and fluorine\u201019 (<jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>F) MRI for tracking of in situ\u2010labeled immune cells after intravenous injection of perfluorcarbons (PFCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\/<jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>F MRI demonstrated substantial infiltration of PFC\u2010loaded immune cells in peri and retro\u2010orbital regions of GO mice, whereas healthy Ctrls showed only minor <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>F signals. In parallel, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mapping indicated onset of edema in periorbital tissue and adjacent ocular glands (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038\/0.017), which were associated with enhanced orbital CEST signals in GO mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031). Concomitantly, a moderate expansion of retrobulbar fat (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029) was apparent; however, no signs for extraocular myopathy were detectable. <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>F MRI\u2010based visualization of orbital inflammation exhibited the highest significance level to discriminate between GO and Ctrl mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) and showed the best correlation with the clinical score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present approach permits the comprehensive characterization of orbital tissue and holds the potential for accurate GO diagnosis in the clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 80:711\u2013718, 2018. \u00a9 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T19:39:51Z","timestamp":1517254791000},"page":"711-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Multimodal assessment of orbital immune cell infiltration and tissue remodeling during development of graves disease by <sup>1<\/sup>H<sup>19<\/sup>F MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Fl\u00f6gel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute D\u00fcsseldorf (CARID) Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Schl\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Essen  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Temme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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