{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:08:35Z","timestamp":1788916115119,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002739","name":"Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anesthesia is necessary for most animal studies requiring invasive procedures. It is well documented that various types of anesthesia modulate a wide variety of important metabolic and functional processes in the body, and as such, represent a potential limitation in the study design. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the renal functional and metabolic consequences of 3 typical rodent anesthetics used in preclinical MRI: sevoflurane, inaction, and a mixture of fentanyl, fluanisone, and midazolam (FFM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The renal effects of 3 different classes of anesthetics (inactin, servoflurane, and FFM) were investigated using functional and metabolic MRI. The renal glucose metabolism and hemodynamics was characterized with hyperpolarized [1\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]pyruvate MRI and by DCE imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats receiving sevoflurane or FFM had blood glucose levels that were 1.3\u2010fold to 1.4\u2010fold higher than rats receiving inactin. A 2.9\u2010fold and 4.8\u2010fold increased <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010lactate\/<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010pyruvate ratio was found in the FFM mixture anesthetized group compared with the sevoflurane and the inactin anesthetized groups. The FFM anesthesia resulted in a 50% lower renal plasma flow compared with the sevoflurane and the inactin anesthetized groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates different renal metabolic and hemodynamic changes under 3 different anesthetics, using hyperpolarized MR in rats. Inactin and sevoflurane were found to affect the renal hemodynamic and metabolic status to a lesser degree than FFM. Sevoflurane anesthesia is particularly easy to induce and maintain during the whole anesthesia procedure, and as such, represents a good alternative to inaction, although it alters the blood glucose level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T05:26:39Z","timestamp":1520573199000},"page":"2073-2080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of anesthesia on renal function and metabolism in rats assessed by hyperpolarized <scp>MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Haiyun","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian \u00d8stergaard","family":"Mariager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR 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