{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:03:40Z","timestamp":1790388220424,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AR50068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AR50068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intersubject variations in bone phosphorus\u201031 (<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P) T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and \n\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm27230-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm27230:mrm27230-math-0001\"\/>, as well as the implications on in vivo <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRI\u2010based bone mineral quantification, were investigated at 3T field strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A technique that isolates the bone signal from the composite in vivo <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P spectrum was first evaluated via simulation and experiments ex vivo and subsequently applied to measure the T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> of bone <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P collectively with a spectroscopic saturation recovery sequence in a group of healthy subjects aged 26 to 76 years. \n\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm27230-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm27230:mrm27230-math-0002\"\/> was derived from the bone signal linewidth. The density of bone <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P was derived for all subjects from <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P zero TE images acquired in the same scan session using the measured relaxation times. Test\u2013retest experiments were also performed to evaluate repeatability of this in vivo MRI\u2010based bone mineral quantification protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> obtained in vivo using the proposed spectral separation method combined with saturation recovery sequence is 38.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 s for the subjects studied. Average <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P density found was 6.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.58 mol\/L (corresponding to 1072\u2009\u00b1\u200998\u2009mg\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> mineral density), in good agreement with an earlier study in specimens from donors of similar age range. Neither the relaxation times (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.18 for T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.99 for \n\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm27230-math-0003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm27230:mrm27230-math-0003\"\/>) nor <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P density (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.55) were found to correlate with subject age. Average coefficients of variation for the repeat study were 1.5%, 2.6%, and 4.4% for bone <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, \n\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm27230-math-0004.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm27230:mrm27230-math-0004\"\/>, and density, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neither <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> nor \n\n<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm27230-math-0005.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm27230:mrm27230-math-0005\"\/> varies significantly in healthy adults across a 50\u2010year age range, therefore obviating the need for subject\u2010specific measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T06:05:44Z","timestamp":1525932344000},"page":"2514-2524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["In vivo bone <sup>31<\/sup><scp>P<\/scp> relaxation times and their implications on mineral quantification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Kwon","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix W.","family":"Wehrli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"PaulyJM ConollyS NishimuraD MacovskiA eds.A slice\u2010selective excitation for very short T2 species. 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