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MRI can now noninvasively measure CEF by quantifying coronary artery cross\u2010sectional area changes in response to isometric handgrip exercise, an endothelial\u2010dependent stressor. Area changes (10 to 20% in healthy; 2 to \u221212% in impaired vessels) are only a few imaging voxels because of MRI's limited spatial resolution. Here, with numerical simulations and phantom studies, we test whether Fourier interpolation enables sub\u2010pixel area measurement precision and determine the smallest detectable area change using spiral MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vivo coronary SNR with the currently used CEF protocol at 3T was measured in 7 subjects for subsequent in vitro work. Area measurements of circular vessels were simulated by varying partial volume, vessel diameter, voxel size, SNR, and Fourier interpolation factor. A phantom with precision\u2010drilled holes (diameters 3\u20133.42\u2009mm) was imaged 10 times with the current CEF protocol (voxel size, \u0394x\u2009=\u20090.89\u2009mm) and a high\u2010resolution protocol (\u0394x\u2009=\u20090.6\u2009mm) to determine precision, accuracy, and the smallest detectable area changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vivo coronary SNR ranged from 30\u201376. Eight\u2010fold Fourier interpolation improved area measurement precision by a factor 6.5 and 4.9 in the simulations and phantom scans, respectively. The current CEF protocol can detect mean area changes of 4\u20135% for SNR above 30, and 3\u20133.5% for SNR above 40 with a higher\u2010resolution protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current CEF spiral MRI with in vivo SNR allows detection of a 4\u20135% area change and Fourier interpolation improves precision several\u2010fold to sub\u2010voxel dimensions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T10:10:34Z","timestamp":1531995034000},"page":"291-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Precision and accuracy of cross\u2010sectional area measurements used to measure coronary endothelial function with spiral MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7044-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Sch\u00e4r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. 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Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Yerly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison G.","family":"Hays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. 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