{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:43:07Z","timestamp":1790937787394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41 EV0015891"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41 EV0015891"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 DA029262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 DA029262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DA035165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DA035165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simultaneous brain and spinal cord functional MRI is emerging as a new tool to study the central nervous system but is challenging. Poor <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> homogeneity and small size of the spinal cord are principal obstacles to this nascent technology. Here we extend a dynamic shimming approach, first posed by Finsterbusch, by shimming per slice for both the brain and spinal cord.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We shim dynamically by a simple and fast optimization of linear field gradients and frequency offset separately for each slice in order to minimize off\u2010resonance for both the brain and spinal cord. Simultaneous acquisition of brain and spinal cord fMRI is achieved with high spatial resolution in the spinal cord by means of an echo\u2010planar RF pulse for reduced FOV. Brain slice acquisition is full FOV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>T2*\u2010weighted images of brain and spinal cord are acquired with high clarity and minimal observable image artifacts. Fist\u2010clenching fMRI experiments reveal task\u2010consistent activation in motor cortices, cerebellum, and C6\u2010T1 spinal segments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High quality functional results are obtained for a sensory\u2010motor task. Consistent activation in both the brain and spinal cord is observed at individual levels, not only at group level. Because reduced FOV excitation is applicable to any spinal cord section, future continuation of these methods holds great potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T21:19:58Z","timestamp":1538774398000},"page":"825-838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Dynamic per slice shimming for simultaneous brain and spinal cord fMRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Haisam","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine S. 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