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CS reconstruction using 12 different sparsifying transforms were compared for biexponential T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u2010mapping of knee cartilage, including temporal and spatial wavelets and finite differences, dictionary from principal component analysis (PCA), k\u2010means singular value decomposition (K\u2010SVD), exponential decay models, and also low rank and low rank plus sparse models. Synthetic phantom (<jats:italic>N\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>6) and in vivo human knee cartilage data sets (<jats:italic>N\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>7) were included in the experiments. Spatial filtering before biexponential T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>parameter estimation was also tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most CS methods performed satisfactorily for an acceleration factor (AF) of 2, with relative median normalized absolute deviation (MNAD) around 10%. Some sparsifying transforms, such as low rank with spatial finite difference (L\u00a0+\u00a0S SFD), spatiotemporal finite difference (STFD), and exponential dictionaries (EXP) significantly improved this performance, reaching MNAD below 15% with AF up to 10, when spatial filtering was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accelerating biexponential 3D\u2010T<jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>mapping of knee cartilage with CS is feasible. The best results were obtained by STFD, EXP, and L\u00a0+\u00a0S SFD regularizers combined with spatial prefiltering. These 3 CS methods performed satisfactorily on synthetic phantom as well as in vivo knee cartilage for AFs up to 10, with median error below 15%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T15:48:32Z","timestamp":1537372112000},"page":"863-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Compressed sensing acceleration of biexponential 3D\u2010T<sub>1\u03c1<\/sub>relaxation mapping of knee cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2856-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo V. 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