{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:48:57Z","timestamp":1790045337575,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,3]],"date-time":"2019-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572739200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]],"date-time":"2018-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC007124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC007124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1514544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1514544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006034","name":"University of Southern California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and evaluate a technique for 3D dynamic MRI of the full vocal tract at high temporal resolution during natural speech.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrate 2.4 \u00d7 2.4 \u00d7 5.8 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      spatial resolution, 61\u2010ms temporal resolution, and a 200 \u00d7 200 \u00d7 70 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      FOV. The proposed method uses 3D gradient\u2010echo imaging with a custom upper\u2010airway coil, a minimum\u2010phase slab excitation, stack\u2010of\u2010spirals readout, pseudo golden\u2010angle view order in\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        k\n                        <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        k\n                        <jats:sub>y<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      , linear Cartesian order along\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        k\n                        <jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      , and spatiotemporal finite difference constrained reconstruction, with 13\u2010fold acceleration. This technique is evaluated using in vivo vocal tract airway data from 2 healthy subjects acquired at 1.5T scanner, 1 with synchronized audio, with 2 tasks during production of natural speech, and via comparison with interleaved multislice 2D dynamic MRI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This technique captured known dynamics of vocal tract articulators during natural speech tasks including tongue gestures during the production of consonants \u201cs\u201d and \u201cl\u201d and of consonant\u2013vowel syllables, and was additionally consistent with 2D dynamic MRI. Coordination of lingual (tongue) movements for consonants is demonstrated via volume\u2010of\u2010interest analysis. Vocal tract area function dynamics revealed critical lingual constriction events along the length of the vocal tract for consonants and vowels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrate feasibility of 3D dynamic MRI of the full vocal tract, with spatiotemporal resolution adequate to visualize lingual movements for consonants and vocal tact shaping during natural productions of consonant\u2013vowel syllables, without requiring multiple repetitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]],"date-time":"2018-11-03T03:26:23Z","timestamp":1541215583000},"page":"1511-1520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["3D dynamic MRI of the vocal tract during natural speech"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0070-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongwan","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajan Goud","family":"Lingala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-5871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1052-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrikanth","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna Shrinivas","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2008.918034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.401012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.404204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2004.1326078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1652588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/32938996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1568","article-title":"High\u2010resolution dynamic speech imaging with deformation estimation","author":"Fu M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427946"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)30347-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.415960"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2008.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"2013 Y Kim J Kim M Proctor A Toutios K Nayak S Lee S Narayanan Toward automatic vocal tract area function estimation from accelerated three\u2010dimensional magnetic resonance imaging 2 5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2013 Y Zhu A Toutios SS Narayanan KS Nayak Faster 3D vocal tract real\u2010time MRI using constrained reconstruction 1292 1296","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2013-345"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26248"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"2017 J Chen SG Lingala Y Lim A Toutios SS Narayanan KS Nayak Task\u2010based optimization of regularization in highly accelerated speech RT\u2010MRI 1409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2016-559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22714"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24751"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"2016 JI Tamir F Ong JY Cheng M Uecker M Lustig Generalized magnetic resonance image reconstruction using the Berkeley advanced reconstruction toolbox"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.75611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Flexible real\u2010time magnetic resonance imaging framework","volume":"2","author":"Santos JM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2335423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2018.2800280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2011 MI Proctor A Lammert A Katsamanis L Goldstein C Hagedorn SS Narayanan Direct estimation of articulatory kinematics from real\u2010time magnetic resonance image sequences 281 284","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2011-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2013 A Lammert V Ramanarayanan M Proctor SS Narayanan Vocal tract cross\u2010distance estimation from real\u2010time MRI using region\u2010of\u2010interest analysis 959 962","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2013-168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4983081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Consonant gemination in four languages: an acoustic, perceptual, and radiographic study part I","volume":"9","author":"Delattre P","year":"1971","journal-title":"IRAL Int Rev Appl Linguist Lang Teach"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)31340-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","unstructured":"2014 J Kim N Kumar S Lee SS Narayanan Enhanced airway\u2010tissue boundary segmentation for real\u2010time magnetic resonance imaging data 222 225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.418030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2004.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2012.2230017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2018.04.002"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrm.27570","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.27570","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.27570","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.27570","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.27570","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T23:19:47Z","timestamp":1775258387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.27570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.27570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.27570","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}