{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T19:23:45Z","timestamp":1759778625401},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute","award":["NIH R01HL114839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01HL114839"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>\n<jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n<\/jats:title><jats:p>To initiate the archive of relaxation\u2010weighted images that may help discriminate between pulmonary pathologies relevant to acute respiratory distress syndrome. MRI has the ability to distinguish pathologies by providing a variety of different contrast mechanisms. Lungs have historically been difficult to image with MRI but image quality is sufficient to begin cataloging the appearance of pathologies in T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images. This study documents T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and the use of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> contrast with four experimental rat lung pathologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>\n<jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inversion\u2010recovery and spoiled steady state images were made at 1.89 T to measure T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and document contrast in rats with atelectasis, lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced inflammation, ventilator\u2010induced lung injury (VILI), and injury from saline lavage. Higher\u2010resolution Ernst\u2010angle images were made to see patterns of lung infiltrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>\n<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n<\/jats:title><jats:p>T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images showed minimal contrast between pathologies, similar to T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images of other soft tissues. Images taken shortly after magnetization inversion and displayed with inverted contrast highlight lung pathologies. Ernst\u2010angle images distinguish the effects of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> relaxation and spin density and display distinctive patterns. T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> for pathologies were: atelectasis, 1.25 \u00b1 0.046\u00a0s; inflammation from instillation of lipopolysaccharide, 1.24 \u00b1 0.015\u00a0s; VILI, 1.55 \u00b1 0.064\u00a0s (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0022 vs. normal lung); and injury from saline lavage, 1.90\u00b10.080 s (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0022 vs. normal lung; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0079 vs. VILI). T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> of normal lung and erector spinae muscle were 1.25 \u00b1 0.028 s and 1.02 \u00b1 0.027\u00a0s, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0022).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>\n<jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n<\/jats:title><jats:p>Traditional T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighting is subtle. However, images made with inverted magnetization and inverted contrast highlight the pathologies and Ernst\u2010angle images aid in distinguishing pathologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T11:58:36Z","timestamp":1542023916000},"page":"2489-2500","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["T<sub>1<\/sub>,\u00a0T<sub>1<\/sub> contrast, and Ernst\u2010angle images of four rat\u2010lung pathologies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Dean O.","family":"Kuethe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ABQMR Albuquerque New Mexico"},{"name":"Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute Albuquerque New Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Hix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute 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