{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:30:55Z","timestamp":1789104655183,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLI 718 P 30701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLI 718 P 30701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inhomogeneities in the static magnetic field (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) deteriorate MRSI data quality by lowering the spectral resolution and SNR. MRSI with low spatial resolution is also prone to lipid bleeding. These problems are increasingly problematic at ultra\u2010high fields. An approach to tackling these challenges independent of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\u2010shim hardware is to increase the spatial resolution. Therefore, we investigated the effect of improved spatial resolution on spectral quality and quantification at 4 field strengths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole\u2010brain MRSI data was simulated for 3 spatial resolutions and 4 <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>s based on experimentally acquired MRI data and simulated free induction decay signals of metabolites and lipids. To compare the spectral quality and quantification, we derived SNR normalized to the voxel size (nSNR), linewidth and metabolite concentration ratios, their Cramer\u2010Rao\u2010lower\u2010bounds (CRLBs), and the absolute percentage error (APE) of estimated concentrations compared to the gold standard for the whole\u2010brain and 8 brain regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 7T, we found up to a 3.4\u2010fold improved nSNR (in the frontal lobe) and a 2.8\u2010fold reduced linewidth (in the temporal lobe) for 1 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> versus 0.25 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> resolution. This effect was much more pronounced at higher and less homogenous <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> (1.6\u2010fold improved nSNR and 1.8\u2010fold improved linewidth in the parietal lobe at 3T). This had direct implications for quantification: the volume of reliably quantified spectra increased with resolution by 1.2\u2010fold and 1.5\u2010fold (when thresholded by CRLBs or APE, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRSI data quality benefits from increased spatial resolution particularly at higher <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>, and leads to more reliable metabolite quantification. In conjunction with the development of better <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> shimming hardware, this will enable robust whole\u2010brain MRSI at ultra\u2010high field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T09:41:52Z","timestamp":1554111712000},"page":"551-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The influence of spatial resolution on the spectral quality and quantification accuracy of whole\u2010brain MRSI at 1.5T, 3T, 7T, and 9.4T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Motyka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9717-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Hingerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Hangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Heckova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Strasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korbinian","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Daniel Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8190-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt A.","family":"Poser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands"},{"name":"Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Trattnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Bogner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image\u2010guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016151654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(02)00645-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"2018 L Hingerl B Strasser P Moser Towards full\u2010brain {FID}\u2010{MRSI} at 7T with 3D concentric circle readout trajectories"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"2018 S Nassirpour P Chang A Henning whole brain high resolution metabolite mapping using 1H FID {MRSI} with slice\u2010wise B0 shim updating at 9.4T"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"2018 G Hangel S Jain E He\u010dkov\u00e1 Patch\u2010based super\u2010resolution of 7 T {MRSI} of glioma: initial results"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2012.00733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"p","article-title":"Wiley InterScience (Online service). In vivo NMR spectroscopy: principles and techniques","volume":"592","author":"De Graaf RA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hoboken: Wiley\u2010Interscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910300604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.1997.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.1999.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.1.6089263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910150117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/20\/10\/104033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","unstructured":"2014 M Scheidegger A Hock A Fuchs A Henning T2 relaxation times of 18 brain metabolites determined in 83 healthy volunteers in vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2010.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9937.S1-002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","unstructured":"2003 R Rakow B Daniel A Sawyer\u2010Glover G Glover T1 and T2 measurements of breast tissue at 0.5 T 1.5 T and 3.0 T"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519403500313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/312142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00091-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-008-0128-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-007-0087-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910222107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211075109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910010308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910390606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25677"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmrm.27746","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.27746","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.27746","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.27746","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T13:40:26Z","timestamp":1694266826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.27746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.27746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.27746","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}