{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T07:16:39Z","timestamp":1781421399947,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To design a soft\u2010hard composite pulse for fat suppression and water excitation in ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging with minimal short T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>signal attenuation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The composite pulse contains a narrow bandwidth soft pulse centered on the fat peak with a small negative flip angle (\u2013\u03b1) and a short rectangular pulse with a small positive flip angle (\u03b1). The fat magnetization experiences both tipping\u2010down and \u2010back with an identical flip angle and thus returns to the equilibrium state, leaving only the excited water magnetization. Bloch simulations, as well as knee, tibia, and ankle UTE imaging studies, were performed to investigate the effectiveness of fat suppression and corresponding water signal attenuation. A conventional fat saturation (FatSat) module was used for comparison. Signal suppression ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of signal difference between non\u2010fat\u2010suppression and fat\u2010suppression images over the non\u2010fat\u2010suppression signal, was introduced to evaluate the efficiency of the composite pulse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerical simulations demonstrate that the soft\u2010hard pulse has little saturation effect on short T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>water signals. Knee, tibia, and ankle UTE imaging results suggest that comparable fat suppression can be achieved with the soft\u2010hard pulse and the FatSat module. However, much less water saturation is induced by the soft\u2010hard pulse, especially for short T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>tissues, with SSRs reduced from 71.8 \u00b1 6.9% to 5.8 \u00b1 4.4% for meniscus, from 68.7 \u00b1 5.5% to 7.7 \u00b1 7.6% for bone, and from 62.9 \u00b1 12.0% to 4.8 \u00b1 3.2% for the Achilles tendon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The soft\u2010hard composite pulse can suppress fat signals in UTE imaging with little signal attenuation on short T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T05:35:12Z","timestamp":1563428112000},"page":"2178-2187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Fat suppression for ultrashort echo time imaging using a novel soft\u2010hard composite radiofrequency pulse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0830-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u2010Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Jerban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3597-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyungseok","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Y.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Diego California"},{"name":"Radiology Service VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200311000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1563733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2010.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"e4034","article-title":"Evaluation of normal cadaveric Achilles tendon and enthesis with ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging and indentation testing","volume":"20","author":"Chen B","year":"2018","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115107109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2003.1157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"High\u2010Field MR Imaging","author":"Hennig J","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.341135130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2017.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"PaulyJM ConollySM MacovskiA.Suppression of long T2 components for short T2 imaging. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of SMRI New York NY 1992. p.330."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20926"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25823"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26908"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.75611"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4045","article-title":"Collagen proton fraction from ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE\u2010MT) MRI modelling correlates significantly with cortical bone porosity measured with micro\u2010computed tomography (\u03bcCT)","volume":"32","author":"Jerban S","year":"2019","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20168"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.27885","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.27885","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.27885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T10:31:23Z","timestamp":1695033083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.27885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.27885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.27885","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}