{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:23:15Z","timestamp":1767864195404,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Labatt Family Heart Centre Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test and implement a motion\u2010robust and respiratory\u2010resolved 3D Radial Flow framework that addresses the need for rapid, high resolution imaging in neonatal patients with congenital heart disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 4\u2010point velocity encoding and 3D radial trajectory with double\u2010golden angle ordering was combined with bulk motion correction (from projection center of mass) and respiration phase detection (from principal component analysis of heartbeat\u2010averaged data) to create motion\u2010robust 3D velocity cardiac time\u2010averaged data. This framework was tested in a whole\u2010chest digital phantom with simulated bulk and realistic physiological motion. In vivo imaging was performed in 20 congenital heart disease infants under feed\u2010and\u2010sleep with submillimeter isotropic resolution in ~3 min. Flows were validated against clinical 2D PCMRI and whole\u2010heart visualizations of blood flow were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed framework resolved all simulated digital phantom motion states (mean \u00b1 standard error: rotation \u2013 azimuthal = 0.29 \u00b1 0.02\u00b0; translation \u2013 T<jats:sub>y<\/jats:sub> = 1.29 \u00b1 0.12 mm, T<jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.27 \u00b1 0.13 mm; rotation+translation \u2013 polar = 0.49 \u00b1 0.16\u00b0, T<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub> = \u22122.47 \u00b1 0.51 mm, T<jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub> = 5.78 \u00b1 1.33 mm). Measured timing errors of peak expiration across all signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio values were 22% of the true respiratory period (range = [404\u2010489 \u00b1 298\u2010334] ms). For in vivo imaging, motion correction improved 3D Radial Flow measurements (no correction: R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.62, root mean square error = 0.80 L\/min\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, Bland\u2010Altman bias [limits of agreement] = \u22120.21 [\u22121.40, 0.94] L\/min\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; motion corrected, expiration: R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.90, root mean square error = 0.46 L\/min\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, bias [limits of agreement] = 0.06 [\u22120.49, 0.62] L\/min\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Respiratory\u2010resolved 3D velocity visualizations were achieved in various neonatal pathologies pre\u2010 and postsurgical correction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D cardiac flow may be visualized and accurately quantified in neonatal subjects using the proposed framework. This technique may enable more comprehensive hemodynamic studies in small infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T07:51:37Z","timestamp":1567065097000},"page":"535-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Motion robust respiratory\u2010resolved 3D radial flow MRI and its application in neonatal congenital heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7922-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric M.","family":"Schrauben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessie Mei","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Datta Singh","family":"Goolaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Seed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Macgowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.271065027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2014.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-1084-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922816677806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"743","article-title":"PC VIPR: a high\u2010speed 3D phase\u2010contrast method for flow quantification and high\u2010resolution angiography","volume":"26","author":"Gu T","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24746"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26745"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0351-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"KnollF SchwarzlA DiwokyC SodicksonDK.gpuNUFFT \u2010 an open\u2010source GPU library for 3D gridding with direct matlab interface. 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