{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:40:50Z","timestamp":1753922450800,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) as an inhalation contrast agent for fluorine\u201019 MRI of the lung, and to compare the image quality of OFCB scans with perfluoropropane (PFP) scans<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Theory and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After normalizing for the number of signal averages, a theoretical comparison between the OFCB signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) and PFP SNR predicted the average SNR advantage of 90% using OFCB during gradient echo imaging. The OFCB relaxometry was conducted using single\u2010voxel spectroscopy and spin\u2010echo imaging. A comparison of OFCB and PFP SNRs was performed in vitro and in vivo. Five healthy Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were imaged during single breath\u2010hold and continuous breathing using a Philips Achieva 3.0T MRI scanner (Philips, Andover, MA). The scan time was constant for both gases. Statistical comparison between PFP and OFCB scans was conducted using a paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test and by calculating the Bayes factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spin\u2010lattice (T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and effective spin\u2010spin (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm28473-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm28473:mrm28473-math-0001\"\/>) relaxation time constants of the pure OFCB gas were determined as 28.5 \u00b1 1.2 ms and 10.5 \u00b1 1.8 ms, respectively. Mixing with 21% of oxygen decreased T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> by 30% and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/mrm28473-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:07403194:media:mrm28473:mrm28473-math-0002\"\/> by 20%. The OFCB in vivo images showed 73% higher normalized SNR on average compared with images acquired using PFP. The statistical significance was shown by both paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test and calculated Bayes factors. The experimental results agree with theoretical calculations within the error of the relaxation parameter measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The quality of the lung images acquired using OFCB was significantly better compared with PFP scans. The OFCB images had higher a SNR and were artifact\u2010free.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T07:52:02Z","timestamp":1597305122000},"page":"987-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of fluorine\u201019 magnetic resonance imaging of the lungs using octafluorocyclobutane in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5526-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yurii","family":"Shepelytskyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Materials Science Program Lakehead University Thunder Bay Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute Thunder Bay Ontario 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Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Chemistry Department Lakehead University Thunder Bay Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell S.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute Thunder Bay Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Chemistry Department Lakehead University Thunder Bay Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Northern Ontario School of Medicine Thunder Bay Ontario 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