{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:31:26Z","timestamp":1787502686567,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH068376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH068376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH108602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH108602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities have been implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite substantial interest in probing GABA in vivo, human imaging studies relying on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have generally been hindered by technical challenges, including GABA\u2019s relatively low concentration and spectral overlap with other metabolites. Although past studies have shown moderate\u2010to\u2010strong test\u2010retest repeatability and reliability of GABA within certain brain regions, many of these studies have been limited by small sample sizes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GABA+ (macromolecular\u2010contaminated) test\u2010retest reliability and repeatability were assessed via a Meshcher\u2010Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA\u2010PRESS) MRS sequence in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 21) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 20) in healthy young adults. Data were collected on a 3T scanner (Siemens Prisma, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and GABA+ results were reported in reference to both total creatine (GABA+\/tCr) and water (GABA+\/water).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed strong test\u2010retest repeatability (mean GABA+\/tCr coefficient of variation [CV] = 4.6%; mean GABA+\/water CV = 4.0%) and reliability (GABA+\/tCr intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.77; GABA+\/water ICC = 0.87) in the dlPFC. The rACC showed acceptable (but comparatively lower) repeatability (mean GABA+\/tCr CV = 8.0%; mean GABA+\/water CV = 7.5%), yet low\u2010moderate reliability (GABA+\/tCr ICC = 0.40; GABA+\/water ICC = 0.44).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study found excellent GABA+ MRS repeatability and reliability in the dlPFC. The rACC showed inferior results, possibly because of a combination of shimming impedance and measurement error. These data suggest that MEGA\u2010PRESS can be utilized to reliably distinguish participants based on dlPFC GABA+ levels, whereas the mixed results in the rACC merit further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T17:22:46Z","timestamp":1605892966000},"page":"2359-2369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Repeatability and reliability of GABA measurements with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy young adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5455-1607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Duda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts 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