{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:59:54Z","timestamp":1764784794675,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human heart imaging at ultra\u2010high fields is highly challenging because of respiratory motion\u2010induced artefacts and spatially heterogeneous  profiles. This work demonstrates that respiration resolved 3D \u2010maps can be used with a dedicated tailored and universal parallel transmission (pTx) pulse design to compensate respiration related  changes in subjects performing shallow and deep breathing (SB\/DB).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional (3D) \u2010maps of the thorax were acquired in 31 subjects under SB and in 15 subjects under SB and DB. Different universal and tailored non\u2010selective pTx pulses were designed from non\u2010respiration resolved (NRR) and respiration resolved (RR) reconstructions of the SB\/DB \u2010maps. The performance of all pulses was tested with RR\u2010SB\/DB \u2010maps. Respiration\u2010robust tailored and universal pulses were applied in vivo in 5 subjects at 7T in 3D gradient\u2010echo free\u2010breathing scans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All optimized pTx pulses performed well for SB. For DB, however, only the universal and the tailored respiration\u2010robust pulses achieved homogeneous flip angles (FAs) in all subjects and across all respiration states, whereas the tailored respiration\u2010specific pulses resulted in a higher FA variation. The respiration\u2010robust universal pulse resulted in an average coefficient of variation in the FA maps of 12.6% compared to 8.2% achieved by tailored respiration\u2010robust pulses. In vivo measurements at 7T demonstrate the benefits of using respiration\u2010robust pulses for DB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Universal and tailored respiration\u2010robust pTx pulses based on RR \u2010maps are highly preferred to achieve 3D heart FA homogenization at 7T when subjects perform DB, whereas universal and tailored pulses based on NRR \u2010maps are sufficient when subjects perform SB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T12:19:34Z","timestamp":1644495574000},"page":"2862-2871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Respiration induced B1+ changes and their impact on universal and tailored 3D kT\u2010point parallel transmission pulses for 7T cardiac imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3618-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph Stefan","family":"Aigner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalisch\u2010Technische Bundesanstalt  Braunschweig and Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-909X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalisch\u2010Technische Bundesanstalt  Braunschweig and Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4410-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schmitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalisch\u2010Technische Bundesanstalt  Braunschweig and Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"WilliamsSN DragonuI LiebigP PorterDA.Multi\u2010slice 2D pTx readout\u2010segmented diffusion\u2010weighted imaging using slice\u2010by\u2010slice B1+ shimming. 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