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Such devices are often independent of the MRI system, so synchronizing these data with the MRI data is often tedious and limited to offline use. In this work, a hardware and software system is proposed for acquiring data from external devices during MR imaging, for use online (in real\u2010time) or offline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hardware includes a set of external devices\u00a0\u2013\u00a0electrocardiography (ECG) devices, respiration sensors, microphone, electronics of the MR system etc.\u00a0\u2013\u00a0using various channels for data transmission (analog, digital, optical fibers), all connected to a server through a universal serial bus (USB) hub. The software is based on a flexible client\u2013server architecture, allowing real\u2010time processing pipelines to be configured and executed. Communication protocols and data formats are proposed, in particular for transferring the external device data to an open\u2010source reconstruction software (Gadgetron), for online image reconstruction using external physiological data. The system performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy of the recorded signals and delays involved in the real\u2010time processing tasks. Its flexibility is shown with various applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The real\u2010time system had low delays and jitters (on the order of 1\u2009ms). Example MRI applications using external devices included: prospectively gated cardiac cine imaging, multi\u2010modal acquisition of the vocal tract (image, sound, and respiration) and online image reconstruction with nonrigid motion correction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The performance of the system and its versatile architecture make it suitable for a wide range of MRI applications requiring online or offline use of external device data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T10:31:35Z","timestamp":1651660295000},"page":"1406-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A hardware and software system for MRI applications requiring external device 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