{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:51:11Z","timestamp":1787881871758,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14951"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14951"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility of spatio\u2010temporal encoding (SPEN) readout for pseudo\u2010continuous ASL (pCASL) in brain, and its robustness to susceptibility artifacts as introduced by aneurysm clips.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 2D self\u2010refocused T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*\u2010compensated hybrid SPEN scheme, with super\u2010resolution reconstruction was implemented on a 1.5T Philips system.<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>(=BW<jats:sub>chirp<\/jats:sub>*T<jats:sub>chirp<\/jats:sub>) was varied and, the aneurysm clip\u2010induced artifact was evaluated in phantom (label\u2010images) as well as in vivo (perfusion\u2010weighted signal (PWS)\u2010maps and temporal SNR (tSNR)). In vivo results were compared to gradient\u2010echo EPI (GE\u2010EPI) and spin\u2010echo EPI (SE\u2010EPI). The dependence of tSNR on TR was evaluated separately for SPEN and SE\u2010EPI. SPEN with<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u02dc\u200975 encodes with the same off\u2010resonance robustness as EPI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clip\u2010induced artifact with SPEN decreased with increase in Q, and was smaller compared to SE\u2010EPI and GE\u2010EPI in vivo. tSNR decreased with Q and the tSNR of GE\u2010EPI and SE\u2010EPI corresponded to SPEN with a Q\u2010value of approximately \u02dc85 and \u02dc108, respectively. In addition, SPEN perfusion images showed a higher tSNR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.05) for TR\u00a0=\u00a04000\u2009ms compared to TR\u00a0=\u00a02100\u2009ms, while SE\u2010EPI did not. tSNR remained relatively stable when the time between SPEN\u2010excitation and start of the next labeling\u2010module was more than \u02dc1000\u2009ms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Feasibility of combining SPEN with pCASL imaging was demonstrated, enabling cerebral perfusion measurements with a higher robustness to field inhomogeneity (<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u200975) compared to SE\u2010EPI and GE\u2010EPI. However, the SPEN chirp\u2010pulse saturates incoming blood, thereby reducing pCASL labeling efficiency of the next acquisition for short TRs. Future developments are needed to enable 3D scanning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T15:36:14Z","timestamp":1669304174000},"page":"1092-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Arterial spin labeling using spatio\u2010temporal encoding readout for robust perfusion imaging in\u00a0inhomogenous magnetic fields"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6886-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The\u00a0Netherlands"},{"name":"C.J. 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