{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:47:32Z","timestamp":1790351252243,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZA8147\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZA8147\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this work, we investigated the ability of neural networks to rapidly and robustly predict Lorentzian parameters of multi\u2010pool CEST MRI spectra at 7 T with corresponding uncertainty maps to make them quickly and easily available for routine clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a deepCEST 7\u00a0T approach that generates CEST contrasts from just 1 scan with robustness against B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> inhomogeneities. The input data for a neural feed\u2010forward network consisted of 7\u00a0T in vivo uncorrected <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010spectra of a single B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> level, and a B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> map. The 7\u2009T raw data were acquired using a 3D snapshot gradient echo multiple interleaved mode saturation CEST sequence. These inputs were mapped voxel\u2010wise to target data consisting of Lorentzian amplitudes generated conventionally by 5\u2010pool Lorentzian fitting of normalized, denoised, B<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010corrected <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010spectra. The deepCEST network was trained with Gaussian negative log\u2010likelihood loss, providing an uncertainty quantification in addition to the Lorentzian amplitudes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The deepCEST 7\u00a0T network provides fast and accurate prediction of all Lorentzian parameters also when only a single B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> level is used. The prediction was highly accurate with respect to the Lorentzian fit amplitudes, and both healthy tissues and hyperintensities in tumor areas are predicted with a low uncertainty. In corrupted cases, high uncertainty indicated wrong predictions reliably.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed deepCEST 7\u00a0T approach reduces scan time by 50% to now 6:42\u2009min, but still delivers both B<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\u2010 and B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010corrected homogeneous CEST contrasts along with an uncertainty map, which can increase diagnostic confidence. Multiple accurate 7\u00a0T CEST contrasts are delivered within seconds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T12:26:53Z","timestamp":1668515213000},"page":"1543-1556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["<scp>DeepCEST 7\u00a0T<\/scp>: Fast and homogeneous mapping of <scp>7\u00a0T CEST MRI<\/scp> parameters and their uncertainty quantification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8152-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonie","family":"Hunger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junaid R.","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Pattern Recognition Lab Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8779-0209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiril","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Mennecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5437-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz S.","family":"Fabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Glang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7286-1454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Herz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7342-3715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Liebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthcare GmbH  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0948-1421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin M.","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6316-8773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Scheffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Eberhard Karls University T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnd","family":"D\u00f6rfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9550-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pattern Recognition Lab Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9780-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Zaiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm907"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/206405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2019.10.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27690"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","article-title":"7 tricks for 7 T CEST: improving the reproducibility of multipool evaluation provides insights into the effects of age and the early stages of Parkinson's disease","author":"Mennecke A","year":"2022","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27762"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"GitHub: pulseq\u2010cestlibrary\/seqlibrary\/MultiPool_7T_001_0p57uT_120Gauss_DC60_3s_brain at master. kherz\/pulseq\u2010cest\u2010library. Available at:https:\/\/github.com\/kherz\/pulseq\u2010cest\u2010library\/tree\/master\/seq\u2010library\/MultiPool_7T_001_0p57uT_120Gauss_DC60_3s_brain. Accessed September 29 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"FautzHP VogelM GrossP KerrA ZhuY.B1mapping of coil arrays for parallel transmission. InProceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of ISMRM Toronto Ontario Canada 2008. p.1247."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"5580","volume-title":"Proceeings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS). Curran Associates Inc","author":"Kendall A","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"Linear projection\u2010based chemical exchange saturation transfer parameter estimation","author":"Glang F","year":"2022","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26100"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.29520","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.29520","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.29520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T05:19:29Z","timestamp":1699507169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.29520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.29520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.29520","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}