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The aim of this study was to evaluate a <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS technique for liver acetylcarnitine quantification in healthy humans before and after <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine supplementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline acetylcarnitine levels were quantified using a STEAM sequence with prolonged TE in 15 healthy adults. Using STEAM with four different TEs was evaluated in phantoms. To assess reproducibility of the measurements, five of the participants had repeated <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS without receiving <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine supplementation. To determine if liver acetylcarnitine could be changed after <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine supplementation, acetylcarnitine was quantified 2\u2009h after intravenous <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine supplementation (50\u2009mg\/kg body weight) in the other 10 participants. Hepatic lipids were also quantified from the <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS spectra.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was good separation between the acetylcarnitine and fat in the phantoms using TE\u00a0=\u00a0100\u2009ms. Hepatic acetylcarnitine levels were reproducible (coefficient of reproducibility\u00a0=\u00a00.049%) and there was a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001) increase in the relative abundance after a single supplementation of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine. Hepatic allylic, methyl, and methylene peaks were not altered by <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine supplementation in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrate that our <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS technique could be used to measure acetylcarnitine in the liver and detect changes following intravenous supplementation in healthy adults despite the presence of lipids. Our techniques should be explored further in the study of fatty liver disease, where acetylcarnitine is suggested to be altered due to hepatic inflexibilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T10:01:54Z","timestamp":1672135314000},"page":"1314-1322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection and alterations of acetylcarnitine (<scp>AC<\/scp>) in\u00a0human\u00a0liver by <scp><sup>1<\/sup>H MRS<\/scp> at <scp>3T<\/scp> after supplementation with\u00a0<scp>l<\/scp>\u2010carnitine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2181-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragana","family":"Savic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford   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