{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T12:43:10Z","timestamp":1777293790831,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M710795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M710795"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1312900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1312900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20ZR1406400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1406400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a new motion\u2010resolved real\u2010time four\u2010dimensional (4D) flow MRI method, which enables the quantification and visualization of blood flow velocities with three\u2010directional flow encodings and volumetric coverage without electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronization and respiration control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An integrated imaging method is presented for real\u2010time 4D flow MRI, which encompasses data acquisition, image reconstruction, and postprocessing. The proposed method features a specialized continuous \u2010space acquisition scheme, which collects two sets of data (i.e., training data and imaging data) in an interleaved manner. By exploiting strong spatiotemporal correlation of 4D flow data, it reconstructs time\u2010series images from highly\u2010undersampled \u2010space measurements with a low\u2010rank and subspace model. Through data\u2010binning\u2010based postprocessing, it constructs a five\u2010dimensional dataset (i.e., x\u2010y\u2010z\u2010cardiac\u2010respiratory), from which respiration\u2010dependent flow information is further analyzed. The proposed method was evaluated in aortic flow imaging experiments with ten healthy subjects and two patients with atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed method achieves 2.4 mm isotropic spatial resolution and 34.4 ms temporal resolution for measuring the blood flow of the aorta. For the healthy subjects, it provides flow measurements in good agreement with those from the conventional 4D flow MRI technique. For the patients with atrial fibrillation, it is able to resolve beat\u2010by\u2010beat pathological flow variations, which cannot be obtained from the conventional technique. The postprocessing further provides respiration\u2010dependent flow information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed method enables high\u2010resolution motion\u2010resolved real\u2010time 4D flow imaging without ECG gating and respiration control. It is able to resolve beat\u2010by\u2010beat blood flow variations as well as respiration\u2010dependent flow information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T13:31:28Z","timestamp":1671456688000},"page":"1839-1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Motion\u2010resolved real\u2010time 4D flow MRI with\u00a0low\u2010rank and subspace modeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2050-3479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain\u2010Inspired Intelligence Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing PINS Medical Co., Ltd  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Healthcare  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain\u2010Inspired Intelligence Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2053-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain\u2010Inspired Intelligence Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-015-0174-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09091437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26927"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2954697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24856"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0028-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-019-0549-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2020200219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2019190005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0330-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880050606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2213010455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"HoogeveenR LeoneB van derBrinkJ.Real\u2010time quantitative flow using EPI and SENSE. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Meeting of ISMRM; 2001:114."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2008.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1982-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SunA ZhaoB LiR YuanC.4D real\u2010time phase\u2010contrast flow MRI with sparse sampling. Proceedings of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society; 2017:3252\u20103255.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8037550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"SunA ZhaoB ZhengY LongY WuP WangH.Motion\u2010resolved 4D real\u2010time flow MRI. Proceedings of the Joint Annual Meeting of ISMRM\u2010ESMRMB; 2022:4555."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiangZP.Spatiotemporal imaging with partially separable functions. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging; 2007:988\u2010991.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2007.357020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhaoB HaldarJP BrinegarC LiangZP.Low rank matrix recovery for real\u2010time cardiac MRI. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging; 2010:996\u2010999.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2010.5490156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2012.2203921"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2266096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25858"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199911)42:5<952::AID-MRM16>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880030315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1964.10490181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","unstructured":"FuM ZhaoB HoltropJ et al.High\u2010frame\u2010rate full\u2010vocal\u2010tract imaging based on the partial separability model and volumetric navigation. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of ISMRM; 2013:4269."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2004.1311138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","unstructured":"ZhaoB SunA MaK et al.Real\u2010time phase contrast cardiovascular flow imaging with joint low\u2010rank and sparsity constraints. Proceedings of the Joint Annual Meeting of ISMRM\u2010ESMRMB; 2014:743."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0165-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-17-S1-Q25"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000087406.27922.6B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2292020559"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.29557","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.29557","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.29557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T01:01:22Z","timestamp":1692579682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.29557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.29557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.29557","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}