{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:09:52Z","timestamp":1781276992231,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To mitigate signal variations caused by inhomogeneous RF and magnetization decay in hyperpolarized <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe ventilation images using flip\u2010angle maps generated from sequential 2D spiral ventilation images acquired in a breath\u2010hold. Images and correction maps were compared with those obtained using conventional, 2D gradient\u2010recalled echo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Theory and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analytical expressions to predict signal intensity and uncertainty in flip\u2010angle measurements were derived from the Bloch equations and validated by simulations and phantom experiments. Imaging in <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe phantoms and human subjects (1 healthy, 1 cystic fibrosis) was performed using 2D gradient\u2010recalled echo and spiral. For both sequences, consecutive images were acquired with the same slice position during a breath\u2010hold (Cartesian scan time\u2009=\u200915\u2009s; spiral scan time\u2009=\u20095\u2009s). The ratio of these images was used to calculate flip\u2010angle maps and correct intensity inhomogeneities in ventilation images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean measured flip angle showed excellent agreement with the applied flip angle in simulations (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.99) for both sequences. Mean measured flip angle agreed well with the globally applied flip angle (\u223c15% difference) in <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe phantoms and in vivo imaging using both sequences. Corrected images displayed reduced coil\u2010dependent signal nonuniformity relative to uncorrected images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flip\u2010angle maps were obtained using sequentially acquired, 2D spiral, <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>Xe ventilation images. Signal intensity variations caused by RF\u2010coil inhomogeneity can be corrected by acquiring sequential single\u2010breath ventilation images in less than 5\u2010s scan time. Thus, this method can be used to remove undesirable heterogeneity while preserving physiological effects on the signal distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T18:45:43Z","timestamp":1680115543000},"page":"473-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<scp>B<sub>1<\/sub><\/scp> and magnetization decay correction for hyperpolarized <scp><sup>129<\/sup>Xe<\/scp> lung imaging using sequential <scp>2D<\/scp> spiral acquisitions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah S.","family":"Bdaiwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2954-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariah L.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0200-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4356-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Willmering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5060-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura L.","family":"Walkup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6195-9061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zackary I.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.2001.2341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"MuglerJIII.Optimization of gradient\u2010echo sequences for hyperpolarized noble gas MRI. 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