{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T02:27:27Z","timestamp":1778034447970,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a distortion\u2010free motion\u2010resolved four\u2010dimensional diffusion\u2010weighted PROPELLER EPI (4D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI) technique for benefiting clinical abdominal radiotherapy (RT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An improved abdominal 4D\u2010DWI technique based on 2D diffusion\u2010weighted PROPELLER\u2010EPI (2D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI), termed 4D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI, was proposed to improve the frame rate of repeated data acquisition and produce distortion\u2010free 4D\u2010DWI images. Since the radial or PROPELLER sampling with golden\u2010angle rotation can achieve an efficient k\u2010space coverage with a flexible time\u2010resolved acquisition, the golden\u2010angle multi\u2010blade acquisition was used in the proposed 4D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI to improve the performance of data sorting. A new k\u2010space and blade (<jats:italic>K\u2010<\/jats:italic>B) amplitude binning method was developed for the proposed 4D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI to optimize the number of blades and the k\u2010space uniformity before performing conventional PROPELLER\u2010EPI reconstruction, by using two metrics to evaluate the adequacy of the acquired data. The proposed 4D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI was preliminarily evaluated in both simulation experiments and in vivo experiments with varying frame rates and different numbers of repeated acquisition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The feasibility of achieving distortion\u2010free 4D\u2010DWI images by using the proposed 4D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI technique was demonstrated in both digital phantom and healthy subjects. Evaluation of the 4D completeness metrics shows that the <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\u2010B amplitude binning method could simultaneously improve the acquisition efficiency and data reconstruction performance for 4D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>4D\u2010DW\u2010PROPELLER\u2010EPI with <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\u2010B amplitude binning is an advanced technique that can provide distortion\u2010free 4D\u2010DWI images for resolving respiratory motion, and may benefit the application of image\u2010guided abdominal RT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T16:55:21Z","timestamp":1690217721000},"page":"2454-2471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Motion\u2010resolved four\u2010dimensional abdominal diffusion\u2010weighted 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