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T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was assessed in relation to T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> two\u2010 or three\u2010parameter curve\u2010fitting techniques, SSFP readout, refocusing time delay (<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>), constant and pulsatile blood flow, and impact of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> recovery. Further, fetal T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and sO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> variability were quantified in the descending aorta and umbilical vein in healthy fetuses and fetuses with cardiovascular malformation (gestational weeks 32\u201338).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In phantoms, three\u2010parameter fitting was accurate irrespective of phase FOV (&lt;4\u2009ms; i.e., &lt;2%), and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was overestimated (up to 23\u2009ms\/10%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) beyond \u00b130\u2009Hz off\u2010resonance. In the adult aorta, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was underestimated during higher blood flow velocities and pulsatility for <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916\u2009ms (\u221241\u2009ms\/\u221217%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). In fetuses, two\u2010parameter fitting overestimated T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> compared with three\u2010parameter fitting (+33\u2009ms\/+18%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> variability was 18\u2009ms\/15% in the fetal descending aorta and 28\u2009ms\/14% in the umbilical vein. The resulting estimated sO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> variability was \u223c10% (15% of sO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> value) in the fetal descending aorta.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Errors due to T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010fitting techniques, off\u2010resonance, flow velocity, and insufficient T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> recovery between image acquisitions could be mitigated by using three\u2010parameter fitting with included saturation\u2010prepared images approximating infinite T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010preparation time, adequate shimming covering the fetus and placenta, and by modifying acquisition parameters. Variability in fetal blood T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and sO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, however, indicate that it is currently not feasible to use these methods for prediction of disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T22:23:39Z","timestamp":1692397419000},"page":"2472-2485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Factors affecting performance of fetal blood <scp>T<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp> measurements for noninvasive estimation of oxygen saturation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0041-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Hedstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University  Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund 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