{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:08:17Z","timestamp":1787656097414,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1828736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1828736"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To demonstrate speech\u2010production real\u2010time MRI (RT\u2010MRI) using a contemporary 0.55T system, and to identify opportunities for improved performance compared with conventional field strengths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiments were performed on healthy adult volunteers using a 0.55T MRI system with high\u2010performance gradients and a custom 8\u2010channel upper airway coil. Imaging was performed using spiral\u2010based balanced <jats:bold>SSFP<\/jats:bold> and gradient\u2010recalled echo (GRE) pulse sequences using a temporal finite\u2010difference constrained reconstruction. Speech\u2010production RT\u2010MRI was performed with three spiral readout durations (8.90, 5.58, and 3.48\u2009ms) to determine trade\u2010offs with respect to articulator contrast, blurring, banding artifacts, and overall image quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both spiral GRE and bSSFP captured tongue boundary dynamics during rapid consonant\u2010vowel syllables. Although bSSFP provided substantially higher SNR in all vocal tract articulators than GRE, it suffered from banding artifacts at TR\u2009&gt;\u200910.9\u2009ms. Spiral bSSFP with the shortest readout duration (3.48\u2009ms, TR\u2009=\u20095.30\u2009ms) had the best image quality, with a 1.54\u2010times boost in SNR compared with an equivalent GRE sequence. Longer readout durations led to increased SNR efficiency and blurring in both bSSFP and GRE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010performance 0.55T MRI systems can be used for speech\u2010production RT\u2010MRI. Spiral bSSFP can be used without suffering from banding artifacts in vocal tract articulators, provide better SNR efficiency, and have better image quality than what is typically achieved at 1.5\u2009T or 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T17:38:17Z","timestamp":1696613897000},"page":"337-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Speech production <scp>real\u2010time MRI<\/scp> at 0.55\u2009T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0070-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongwan","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California   Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0685-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prakash","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California   Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna S.","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California   Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27411"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2016-1498"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2016-658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.5444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/13-0085)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5014684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4983081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5093538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ToutiosA SorensenT SomandepalliK AlexanderR NarayananSS.Articulatory synthesis based on real\u2010time magnetic resonance imaging data. 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