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Echo\u2010planar imaging is a popular method of acquiring DTI but is susceptible to various artifacts (e.g., susceptibility, motion, and eddy currents), which may be ameliorated via preprocessing. There are many pipelines available but limited data comparing their performance, which provides the rationale for this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>DTI was acquired from the upper limb of heathy volunteers at 3T in blip\u2010up and blip\u2010down directions. Data were independently corrected using (i) FSL's TOPUP & eddy, (ii) FSL's TOPUP, (iii) DSI Studio, and (iv) TORTOISE. DTI metrics were extracted from the median, radial, and ulnar nerves and compared (between pipelines) using mixed\u2010effects linear regression. The geometric similarity of corrected b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090 images and the slice matched T1\u2010weighted (T1w) images were computed using the S\u00f6renson\u2010Dice coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Without preprocessing, the similarity coefficient of the blip\u2010up and blip\u2010down datasets to the T1w was 0\u00b780 and 0\u00b779, respectively. Preprocessing improved the geometric similarity by 1% with no difference between pipelines. Compared to TOPUP & eddy, DSI Studio and TORTOISE generated 2% and 6% lower estimates of fractional anisotropy, and 6% and 13% higher estimates of radial diffusivity, respectively. Estimates of anisotropy from TOPUP & eddy versus TOPUP were not different but TOPUP reduced radial diffusivity by 3%. The agreement of DTI metrics between pipelines was poor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Preprocessing DTI from the upper limb improves geometric similarity but the choice of the pipeline introduces clinically important variability in diffusion parameter estimates from peripheral nerves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T17:21:10Z","timestamp":1697217670000},"page":"773-783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of distortion correction preprocessing pipelines for DTI in the upper limb"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8365-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryckie G.","family":"Wade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Department of 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