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However, challenges persist in respiratory motion and mis\u2010registration between free\u2010breathing 3D PET and 2D breath\u2010held MR images. We propose a free\u2010breathing non\u2010rigid motion\u2010compensated 3D T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mapping sequence enabling whole\u2010heart myocardial tissue characterization in a hybrid 3T PET\u2010MR system and provides non\u2010rigid respiratory motion fields to correct also simultaneously acquired PET data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Free\u2010breathing 3D whole\u2010heart T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mapping was implemented on a hybrid 3T PET\u2010MRI system. Three datasets were acquired with different T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010preparation modules (0, 28, 55\u2009ms) using 3\u2010fold undersampled variable\u2010density Cartesian trajectory. Respiratory motion was estimated via virtual 3D image navigators, enabling multi\u2010contrast non\u2010rigid motion\u2010corrected MR reconstruction. T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010maps were computed using dictionary\u2010matching. Approach was tested in phantom, 8 healthy subjects, 14 MR only and 2 PET\u2010MR patients with suspected cardiac disease and compared with spin echo reference (phantom) and clinical 2D T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mapping (in\u2010vivo).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phantom results show a high correlation (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.996) between proposed approach and gold standard 2D T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mapping. In\u2010vivo 3D T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mapping average values in healthy subjects (39.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009ms) and patients (healthy tissue) (39.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009ms) agree with conventional 2D T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mapping (healthy\u2009=\u200938.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009ms, patients\u2009=\u200940.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7\u2009ms). Bland\u2013Altman analysis reveals bias of 1.8\u2009ms and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) of \u22122.4\u20106\u2009ms for healthy subjects, and bias of 1.3\u2009ms and 95% LOA of \u22121.9 to 4.6\u2009ms for patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Validated efficient 3D whole\u2010heart T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010mapping at hybrid 3T PET\u2010MRI provides myocardial inflammation characterization and non\u2010rigid respiratory motion fields for simultaneous PET data correction. Comparable T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values were achieved with both 3D and 2D methods. Improved image quality was observed in the PET images after MR\u2010based motion correction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T19:39:45Z","timestamp":1704483585000},"page":"1951-1964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non\u2010rigid motion\u2010compensated <scp>3D<\/scp> whole\u2010heart <scp>T<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp> mapping in a hybrid <scp>3T PET\u2010MR<\/scp> system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1749-5110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London   London 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