{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:29:32Z","timestamp":1778542172044,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AR080325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AR080325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To introduce an alternative idea for fat suppression that is suited both for low\u2010field applications where conventional fat\u2010suppression approaches become ineffective due to narrow spectral separation and for applications with strong B0 homogeneities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Separation of fat and water is achieved by sweeping the frequency of RF saturation pulses during continuous radial acquisition and calculating frequency\u2010resolved images using regularized iterative reconstruction. Voxel\u2010wise signal\u2010response curves are extracted that reflect tissue's response to RF saturation at different frequencies and allow the classification into fat or water. This information is then utilized to generate water\u2010only composite images. The principle is demonstrated in free\u2010breathing abdominal and neck examinations using stack\u2010of\u2010stars 3D balanced SSFP (bSSFP) and gradient\u2010recalled echo (GRE) sequences at 0.55 and 3T. Moreover, a potential extension toward quantitative fat\/water separation is described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiments with a proton density fat fraction (PDFF) phantom validated the reliability of fat\/water separation using signal\u2010response curves. As demonstrated for abdominal imaging at 0.55T, the approach resulted in more uniform fat suppression without loss of water signal and in improved CSF\u2010to\u2010fat signal ratio. Moreover, the approach provided consistent fat suppression in 3T neck exams where conventional spectrally\u2010selective fat saturation failed due to strong local B0 inhomogeneities. The feasibility of simultaneous fat\/water quantification has been demonstrated in a PDFF phantom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed principle achieves reliable fat suppression in low\u2010field applications and adapts to high\u2010field applications with strong B0 inhomogeneity. Moreover, the principle potentially provides a basis for developing an alternative approach for PDFF quantification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T10:43:56Z","timestamp":1718707436000},"page":"1995-2006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fat suppression using frequency\u2010sweep <scp>RF<\/scp> saturation and iterative reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6866-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoxun","family":"Zi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University Grossman School of Medicine   New York New York 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