{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:22:39Z","timestamp":1789050159211,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG083685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG083685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00EB026312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00EB026312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to develop a new MRI technique for non\u2010invasive, free\u2010breathing imaging of glycogen in the human liver using the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed method, called GraspNOE\u2010Dixon, uses a novel MRI sequence that combines steady\u2010state saturation\u2010transfer preparation with multi\u2010echo golden\u2010angle radial stack\u2010of\u2010stars sampling. Multi\u2010echo acquisition enables fat\/water\u2010separated imaging for quantification of water\u2010specific NOE. Image reconstruction is performed using the improved golden\u2010angle radial sparse parallel imaging (GRASP\u2010Pro) technique to exploit spatiotemporal correlations in dynamic images. To evaluate the proposed technique, imaging experiments were first performed on glycogen phantoms, followed by in vivo studies involving healthy volunteers and patients with fatty liver disease. In addition, a comparative assessment of signal changes before and after a 12\u2010h fasting period was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluation experiments on glycogen phantoms showed a robust linear correlation between the NOE signal and glycogen concentration. In vivo experiments demonstrated motion\u2010robust NOE\u2010weighted images, with potential for further acceleration. In subjects with varying liver fat content, the fat\/water separation approach resulted in distortion\u2010free Z\u2010spectra, enabling the quantification of glycogen NOE. An approximately one\u2010third reduction in the NOE signal was observed following a 12\u2010h fasting period, consistent with a decrease in glycogen level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study introduces a clinically feasible imaging technique, GraspNOE\u2010Dixon, for free\u2010breathing volumetric multi\u2010echo imaging of hepatic glycogen at 3\u2009T. The motion robust imaging technique developed here may also have applications in other body areas beyond liver imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T06:26:01Z","timestamp":1728109561000},"page":"507-518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<scp>MRI of GlycoNOE<\/scp> in the human liver using <scp>GraspNOE<\/scp>\u2010Dixon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8293-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII) Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York 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