{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:26:46Z","timestamp":1780586806693,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41 EB027061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41 EB027061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS136490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS136490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 EB025144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 EB025144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To propose a novel method for parallel\u2010transmission (pTx) spatial\u2010spectral pulse design and demonstrate its utility for robust uniform water\u2010selective excitation (water excitation) across the entire brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Theory and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our design problem is formulated as a magnitude\u2010least\u2010squares minimization with joint RF and k\u2010space optimization under explicit specific\u2010absorption\u2010rate constraints. For improved robustness against off\u2010resonance effects, the spectral component of the excitation target is prescribed to have a water passband and a fat stopband. A two\u2010step algorithm was devised to solve our design problem, with Step 1 aiming to solve a reduced problem to find a sensible start point for Step 2 to solve the original problem. The efficacy of our pulse design was evaluated in simulation, phantom, and human experiments using the commercial Nova head coil. Universal pulses were also designed based on a 10\u2010subject training data set to demonstrate the utility of our method for plug\u2010and\u2010play pTx.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\u2010points and spiral nonselective parameterizations, our design method outperformed the pTx interleaved binomial approach, reducing RMS error by up to about 35% for water excitation and about 97% for fat suppression (over a 200\u2010Hz bandwidth) while decreasing local specific absorption rate by about 30%. Both our subject\u2010specific and universal pulses improved water excitation, restoring signal loss in the cerebellum while suppressing fat signal even in regions of large susceptibility\u2010induced off\u2010resonances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demonstrated useful for 4D (3D spatial, one\u2010dimensional spectral) pTx spatial\u2010spectral pulse design, our proposed method provides an effective solution for robust volumetric uniform water excitation, holding a promise to many ultrahigh\u2010field applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T19:04:58Z","timestamp":1730401498000},"page":"1238-1255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parallel\u2010transmission spatial spectral pulse design with local specific absorption rate control: Demonstration for robust uniform water\u2010selective excitation in the human brain at 7 T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-2487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiantan Neuroimaging Center of Excellence Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0482-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Ugurbil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology, Medical School University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6021-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology, Medical School University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2313619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2015.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2015.2478880"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2295465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24800"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.3013982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Mitigating transmit B\n                  1 inhomogeneity in the liver at 7T using multi\u2010spoke parallel transmit RF pulse design","volume":"4","author":"Wu X","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27645"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-016-0543-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.05.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(83)90335-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910150211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910370314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.2.3602398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198410000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2243011227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198511000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.166.3.8623620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","unstructured":"WuX SchmitterS AuerbachE et al.Uniform water excitation for 3D MRI using parallel transmission at 7 tesla. In:ISMRM Workshop on Fat\u2010Water Separation: Insights Applications & Progress in MRI Long Beach CA USA 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","unstructured":"ShaoX MaXD GuoH UguibilK WuXP.Parallel transmit spatial spectral pulse design with specific absorption rate control: demonstration for robust water excitation at 7 Tesla. In:Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of ISMRM Toronto Canada 2023. p. 203."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","unstructured":"ShaoX ZhangZ MaXD GuoH UguibilK WuXP.Parallel transmit spatial\u2010spectral pulse design with specific absorption rate control for water excitation: validation in humans at 7 Tesla. In:Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of ISMRM Singapore 2024. p. 4089."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(89)90265-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","unstructured":"Van de Moortele PSC DelaBarreL AdrianyG VaughanJT UgurbilK.Calibration tools for RF shim at very high field with multiple element RF coils: from ultra fast local relative phase to absolute magnitudeB1+$$ {B}_1^{+} $$mapping. In:Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of ISMRM Berlin Germany 2007. p. 1676."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","unstructured":"FautzHPVM GrossP KerrA ZhuY.B1mapping of coil arrays for parallel transmission. In:Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM Toronto Canada 2008. p. 1247."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43505-2_44"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","first-page":"2799","article-title":"Improving evolution strategies through active covariance matrix adaptation","author":"Jastrebski GA","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE C Evol Computat."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Magnitude least\u2010squares fitting via semidefinite programming with applications to beamforming and multidimensional filter design","author":"Kassakian P","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Conf Acoust Spee."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","first-page":"126","volume-title":"Distributed Optimization and Statistical Learning Via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers","author":"Boyd SP","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/040613305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22927"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","unstructured":"International Electrotechnical Commission.Medical electrical equipment. Part 2\u201333: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis. IEC.2022302."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-008-0104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/106365601750190398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116332"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.108"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.30346","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T04:55:58Z","timestamp":1735361758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.30346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.30346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.30346","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}