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The algorithm minimizes a composite loss function that quantifies the fat\u2013water contrast using Bloch equation simulations. In a first study, B\u2010spline interpolated optimized (BSIO) pulses designed with HydrOptiFrame with durations of 1 and 0.76\u2009ms were generated for 3\u2009T and characterized in healthy volunteers' knees. The femoral bone marrow SNR was compared to that obtained with to 1\u20131 WE and lipid insensitive binomial off resonant excitation (LIBRE) pulses. In a second study, in the heart at 1.5\u2009T, the water\u2013fat contrast ratio and coronary artery vessel length obtained with a 2.56\u2009ms BSIO pulse was compared to 1\u20131 WE and LIBRE pulses in free\u2010running cardiovascular MR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 1\u2009ms BSIO pulse resulted in higher fat suppression and lower contrast ratio (CR)\u00a0in the bone marrow than the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art pulses (4.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 vs. 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 and 4.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 for the BSIO, the 1\u20131 WE and LIBRE respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 vs. both) at 3\u2009T. At 1.5\u2009T, the BSIO pulse resulted in a higher blood\u2010epicardial fat CR (3.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3 vs. 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 and 2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 for the BSIO, 1\u20131 WE and LIBRE, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 vs. both) and longer traceable left coronary artery vessel length (8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009cm vs. 7.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0\u2009cm [\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04] and 7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009cm [\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.09]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The HydrOptiFrame framework offers a new opportunity to design WE RF pulses that are robust to B\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      inhomogeneity at multiple magnetic field strengths and for variable RF pulse durations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T12:59:17Z","timestamp":1733749157000},"page":"1896-1910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A flexible framework for the design and optimization of water\u2010excitation RF pulses using B\u2010spline interpolation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4655-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Sieber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5031-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovica","family":"Romanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica A. M.","family":"Bastiaansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (DIPR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Translation Imaging Center (TIC) Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3111-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Yerly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne 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