{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T17:22:46Z","timestamp":1792862566622,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003958","name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Programme FetalFlow 19749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programme FetalFlow 19749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To correct maternal breathing and fetal bulk motion during fetal 4D flow MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Doppler\u2010ultrasound fetal cardiac\u2010gated free\u2010running 4D flow acquisition was corrected post hoc for maternal respiratory and fetal bulk motion in separate automated steps, with optional manual intervention to assess and limit fetal motion artifacts. Compressed\u2010sensing reconstruction with a data outlier rejection algorithm was adapted from previous work. Pre\u2010 and post\u2013motion correction comparison included qualitative visibility of vasculature on phase\u2010contrast MR angiograms (five\u2010point Likert scale), conservation of mass of the aortic isthmus, ductus arteriosus, and descending aorta, and coefficient of variation of flow along the descending aorta.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010nine third trimester acquisitions were performed for 15 healthy fetuses and two patients with postnatally confirmed aortic coarctation during a single examination for each participant. Only 15\/27 (56%) of all volunteers and 1\/2 (50%) of all patient precorrection acquisitions were suitable for flow analysis. Motion correction recovered eight \u201cfailed\u201d acquisitions, including one patient, with 24\/29 (83%) suitable for flow analysis. In the 15 viable uncorrected volunteer acquisitions, motion correction improved phase\u2010contrast MR angiograms visibility significantly in the ductus arteriosus (from 4.0 to 4.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) and aortic arch (3.7 to 4.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Motion correction improved conservation of mass to a median (interquartile range) percent difference of 5% (9%) from 14% (24%) with improvement shown in 14\/15 acquisitions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), whereas coefficient of variation changes were not significantly different (uncorrected: 0.15 (0.09), corrected: 0.11 (0.09),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.3).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Motion correction compensated for maternal and fetal motion in fetal 4D flow MRI data, improving image quality and conservation of mass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T01:40:22Z","timestamp":1736473222000},"page":"1969-1983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Third trimester fetal\n                    <scp>4D<\/scp>\n                    flow\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    with motion correction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3446-4378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reagan M.","family":"Tompkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam   Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0565-0075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7922-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric M.","family":"Schrauben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam   Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8080-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna P.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4982-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joost","family":"van Schuppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam   Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5276-1475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally\u2010Ann","family":"Clur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0231-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin K.","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8755-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pim","family":"van Ooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; 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