{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:06:12Z","timestamp":1791824772959,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To propose and implement a new method to study water exchange between brain tissue and fluids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An MLEV T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010preparation combined with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nulling inversion recovery was implemented in combination with an ultralong\u2013echo time (TE) three\u2010dimensional fast spin\u2010echo readout. To handle systematic imperfections and isolate the exchange signal, T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010prepared images were subtracted from one of two control images. The first control turned off the T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      preparation and adjusted inversion timing to correct for relaxation. The second control used the same T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      preparation but shifted in time. Preparations were implemented on a 3T scanner and tested in 14 healthy volunteers. We evaluated the exchange signal magnitude and distribution, as well as robustness against B\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      imperfection and intrasession reproducibility. We also compared the signal to that measured with ultralong\u2010TE arterial spin labeling, another suggested marker of water exchange.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Initial experiments using the T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010preparation off control demonstrated a detectable exchange signal especially in the choroid plexus, but with substantial residual signal in CSF spaces, suggesting imperfect subtraction of non\u2010exchanging spins. When using the time shifted control, we greatly reduced subtraction errors. Signal was consistently measured in the choroid plexus and at the boundaries between cortex and CSF with much higher signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio and spatial resolution than ultralong\u2010TE arterial spin labeling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The measured water exchange distribution appears consistent with the localization of aquaporin channels at the CSF boundary. Because aquaporin activity may reflect CSF production and glymphatic clearance, our method may provide a noninvasive marker of these functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T04:34:36Z","timestamp":1738643676000},"page":"150-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tissue\u2010to\u2010fluid water\u2010exchange imaging using T\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010selective saturation labeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2405-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Taso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School   Boston Massachusetts 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