{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:58:54Z","timestamp":1787792334366,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020427","name":"Directorate for Technology, Innovation and Partnerships","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1922389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1922389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020427","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the impact of orthopedic plates on peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) during MRI, focusing on how the presence of implants affects PNS thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A combination of anatomical electromagnetic and neurophysiological modeling was utilized. Electromagnetic fields in human body models were simulated, both with and without orthopedic plates. Simulations were performed under\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010,\n                      <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010, and\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010axis gradient coils, with plates implanted at two clinically relevant locations. Nerve responses were modeled using an established neurophysiological model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of orthopedic implants significantly influenced nerve stimulation, leading to reductions in stimulation thresholds of up to 80%. Some of the reduced thresholds were close to the PNS limits outlined in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60601\u20102\u201033, suggesting a considerably reduced safety margin compared to cases without implants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthopedic implants can substantially lower the activation thresholds of nearby nerves, with some thresholds approaching the PNS limits defined in IEC 60601\u20102\u201033 for MRI gradient field. This finding indicates a reduced safety margin for patients with implants, highlighting the need for more comprehensive safety assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T04:53:42Z","timestamp":1739854422000},"page":"2583-2594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Computational study of the effects of orthopedic plates on gradient\u2010induced peripheral nerve stimulation under MRI using electromagnetic and neurophysiological modeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Lijian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston   Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston   Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Loyola University Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Kaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ncor, LLC  Arvada Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston   Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8998-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston   Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Kainz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Performance Computing for MRI Safety  Jasper Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston   Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27909"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aa8c53"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02738543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1985.325509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"IEC 60601\u20102\u201033:2022\u2014Part 2\u201033: Particular Requirements for the Basic Safety and Essential Performance of Magnetic Resonance Equipment for Medical Diagnosis","author":"International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29668"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28681"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0730\u2010725x(97)00179\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0730\u2010725x(97)00162\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2212190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"2234","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of ISMRM. International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","author":"Chen X","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200007)12:1<92::AID-JMRI11>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2022.0150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/55\/2\/N01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/59\/18\/5287"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201005493\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29861"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"HasgallPA Di GennaroF BaumgartnerC et al.IT'IS Database for thermal and electromagnetic parameters of biological tissues Version 4.1.2022. Accessed 22 February 2022.https:\/\/itis.swiss\/virtual\u2010population\/tissue\u2010properties\/database\/dielectric\u2010properties"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.97384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475\u2010925X\u201012\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4740490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.6.1179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00353.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa269"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15451-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1986.325670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.168686"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.30470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T11:22:46Z","timestamp":1762514566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.30470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.30470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.30470","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}