{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:31:35Z","timestamp":1769556695596,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["325230_197702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["325230_197702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To implement four\u2010dimensional\u2010flow MRI using phase\u2010contrast balanced steady\u2010state free precession (bSSFP) at 0.6\u2009T using a free\u2010running three\u2010dimensional (3D) radial trajectory and referenceless background phase correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A free\u2010running, wobbling Archimedean spiral approach including bipolar velocity\u2010encoding gradients (3D PC\u2010bSSFP) was implemented on a 0.6T prototype scanner. Bipolar rewinder gradients were added to ensure first\u2010moment nulling per repetition time. Velocity encoding was performed using a three\u2010point encoding scheme (i.e., omitting a reference measurement). Advanced computer simulations were carried out to validate the approach. Image reconstruction was performed using a locally low\u2010rank approach. Results for anatomical visualization and flow quantification were reconstructed separately with different regularization factors. Background phase correction was achieved using phase estimation on time\u2010averaged reconstructions. In vivo data were acquired in 6 healthy subjects during free breathing. Additional two\u2010dimensional (2D) phase\u2010contrast spoiled gradient\u2010echo (2D PC\u2010GRE) breath\u2010hold data were obtained for reference to compare flow values in the ascending aorta, descending aorta, and pulmonary trunk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Velocity data acquired with 3D PC\u2010bSSFP compared well with 2D PC\u2010GRE (root mean square error\u2009=\u20093.96\u2009cm\/s), with minor underestimation of velocities (\u22120.52\u2009cm\/s). Cardiac phase\u2010dependent signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratios normalized for differences in scan time and resolution between 3D PC\u2010bSSFP and 2D PC\u2010GRE demonstrate relatively steady values for 3D PC\u2010bSSFP when compared to 2D PC\u2010bSSFP with some reduction during phases of high flow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Free\u2010running, referenceless, four\u2010dimensional\u2010flow MRI using radial 3D PC\u2010bSSFP is feasible on a lower\u2010field 0.6T system, producing adequate flow quantification while yielding simultaneously reasonable cine images for concurrent flow and functional assessment of the heart and great vessels.<\/jats:p>\n                  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